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THE

GAZETTEER OF

SCOTLAND

BY

Rev. John Wilson

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EDINBURGH

W. & A. K. JOHNSTON

1882

DR

PREFACE.

The Publishers have been induced to produce the present Work, from the conviction that it would supply a long -felt want : namely, a Gazetteer of Scotland, extensive enough to embrace every Town and Village in the Country, of any importance, as existing at the present day, and yet portable in form and moderate in price.

To add to the value of the Work, the Census of 1881 was ex- tracted from the Official Returns expressly for it, as the lists to be published would ' not be available for the earlier portion of the Work, already in the hands of the printer.

Besides the usual information, as to Towns and Places contained in Gazetteers, it gives the Statistics of Real Property, Notices of Public Works, Public Buildings, Churches, Schools, etc. ; whilst the Natural History and Historical Incidents, connected with particular localities, have not been omitted.

From the great experience of the Author, who has already com- piled several extensive Gazetteers and Topographical works, the Pub- lishers trust that this Work will meet the approbation of the numerous class to which it is addressed.

November, 1882.

THE

GAZETTEER OF SCOTLAND.

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AAN, affluent of the Feugh, in Strachan parish, Kincardineshire.

ABBETHUNE, seat in St. Vigeans parish, Forfarshire.

ABBEY.parish, containing parts of Paisley and Barrhead, all Johnstone, and several villages in Renfrewshire. Its length is nearly 9 miles, its greatest breadth about 5£ miles, its area 15,924 acres. Real pro- perty of landward part in 1880-81, £79,886. Pop., quoad civilia, 34,393; quoad sacra, 13,637. The surface is partly flat, partly a variety of valley, undulation, and low hill-ridge, and partly the Gleniffer portion of the Fereneze Hills. Coal, ironstone, limestone, and aluminous slate abound, and are largely worked. Factories and other industrial establishments are numerous. There are many fine modern residences, several old mansions, and the ruined castles of Crookston and Stanley. The parochial church is part of the Abbey, to be noticed in our account of Paisley ; and other churches are in Paisley, Barrhead, John- stone, and Elderslie. 10 schools, for 2338 scholars, are in the parts outside of Paisley burgh, and 2 of them and en- largements for 1098 are new.

ABBEY, quoad sacra parish in the north- eastern outskirts of Edinburgh. Pop. 2821. The church was built in 1876, at a cost of about £8000, and contains about 855 sittings.

ABBEY, quoad sacra parish, containing Arbroath Abbey and part of Arbroath town, Forfarshire. Pop. 5119. The church contains 1281 sittings.

ABBEY, hamlet on the Tyne, 1 mile east of Haddington. A Cistercian convent was founded here in 1178, but is now extinct ; and a Parliament sat here in 1548.

ABBEY, village on the Forth, adjacent to Cambuskenneth Abbey, 1 mile east of Stirling.

ABBEY, burn running past Dundrennan Abbeyto Burnfoot harbour, Kirkcudbright- shire.

ABBEY-CRAIG, precipitous hill, 362 feet high, 1} miles east-north-east of Stirling.

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It forms a striking feature and a com- manding view-point in a magnificent landscape. It was held by the army of Sir William "Wallace on the eve of the battle of Stirling ; and it is surmounted by Wallace's Monument, 220 feet high, erected in 1861-69 at a cost of fully £16,000.

ABBEY-GREEN, town, better known as Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. See Lesma-

HAGOW.

ABBEY-HEAD, small headland near mouth of Abbey-burn, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ABBEYHILL, suburb north-eastward from foot of Canongate, Edinburgh. It was once aristocratic, is now chiefly modern and squalid ; includes a railway viaduct and a railway station, and contains a public school, built in 1880-81 at a cost of £9704, with accommodation for 824 scholars.

ABBEY ST. BATHANS, parish, with hamlet on Whitadder water, 4 miles west- south-west of Grant's House railway station, Berwickshire. Post town, Grant's House. Acres, 4797. Real property in 1880-81, £2630. Pop. 250. The higher land rises to heights of from 300 to 400 feet above the level of the plains, and the entire surface consists of haughs, slopes, and tabular hills. A priory was founded here by a daughter of William the Lion, and became rich, but has entirely dis- appeared. The church adjoins the priory's site, and is part of an ancient structure. The public school has about 80 scholars.

ABBOTSFORD, mansion erected by Sir Walter Scott, adjacent to the Tweed, 2 miles west of Melrose, Roxburghshire. It cost upwards of £20,000, exhibits multi- plicity of features in many architectural styles, includes parts and objects taken from many famous ancient edifices, has been aptly described as 'a romance in stone and lime,' contains numerous interesting souvenirs of Sir Walter, and is engirt by an estate which he transmuted from moorishness to much beauty.

ABBOTSFORD, quoad sacra parish in south side of Glasgow. It was constituted in 1877. Pop. 8891.

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ABBOTSFORD FERRY, station on Sel- kirk Railway, opposite Abbotsf ord, 2| miles south of Galashiels.

ABBOTSHALL, parish, containing Link- ! town suburb of Kirkcaldy, Fife. Acres, 4135. Real property in 1880-81, £10,341. Pop., quoad civilia, 6435; quoad sacra, 5316. The land for about \ mile from the shore is flat, and extends thence about 2\ miles in pleasant swells and diversities. Raith House, lake, and grounds are delightful features; and Balwearie Tower is an interesting antiquity. The parochial church, a Free church, and a United Presbyterian church are in Linktown ; and the public schools are under Kirk- caldy board.

ABBOTSHAUGH, extinct ancient abbey in Falkirk parish, Stirlingshire.

ABBOT'S ISLE, verdant islet in Stone- field Bay, Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

ABBOTSRULE, old parish divided be- tween Southdean and Hobkirk, Roxburgh- shire.

ABB'S-HEAD (ST.), bold promontory 4 miles north-west of Eyemouth, Berwick- shire. It consists of trap rock with mural front, but adjoins contorted cavernous stratified rocks. It had anciently a nun- nery, said to have been founded by a Northumbrian princess ; and it has now a lighthouse, erected in 1861, with flash- ing light visible at the distance of 20 nautical miles.

ABDEN, seat, near Kinghorn, Fife.

ABDIE, parish, containing Mount Pleasant suburb of Newburgh, Fife. Acres, 6371. Real property in 1880-81, £10,439. Pop., quoad civilia, 983; quoad sacra, 862. The land includes a rich alluvial tract on the Tay, but is mostly a fine diversity of hill and dale. Chief features are Clatchard Crag, Norman's Law, Inchrye House, Lindores House, loch, and village, and vestiges of a castle said to have belonged to Macduff. The church contains about 500 sittings, and the public school has places for 159 scholars.

ABERARDER, glen, with vista view to Benaven, off left side of the Dee, between Balmoral and Castleton, Aberdeenshire.

ABERARDER, place in Daviot parish, Inverness-shire. It has a post office under Inverness.

ABERARGIE, village, If miles west of Abernethy, Perthshire. It has a post office under Bridge of Earn.

ABERCAIRNEY, railway station, and seat, 3| miles east-north- east of Crieff, Perthshire.

ABERCHALDER, seat, at foot of Loch Oich, Great Glen, Inverness-shire. Prince Charles Edward concentrated his forces here at the commencement of the rebellion in 1745.

ABERCHIRDER, town, 9 miles south-by- west of Banff. It has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Banff ; a banking office ; Established,

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Free, United Presbyterian, Baptist, Epis- copalian, and Roman Catholic churches, and 2 public schools. Its Free church originated in the Marnoch contest, one of the sharpest which led to the Disruption, and is large and handsome. Pop. of the town, 1358.

ABERCORN, parish, extending from Firth of Forth to vicinity of Winchburgh railway station, Linlithgowshire. Post town, South Queensferry. Acres, 4500. Real property in 1880-81, £10,173. Pop. 856. The surface is finely diversified, and both contains and commands delight- ful views, yet rises nowhere higher than 350 feet above sea-level. Chief fea- tures are Hopetoun House and Binns House, seats of the Earl of Hopetoun and Sir Robert Dalyell, Bart. Interesting spots are sites of a Culdee establishment and a famous ancient castle ; and a notable estate is one which passed from the Hamil- tons, but continues to give their descen- dant the titles of Earl, Marquis, and Duke of Abercorn. The churches are Estab- lished and Free ; and there are 2 public schools with about 111 scholars.

ABERCROMBIE, parish, containing St. Monance town, on south-east coast of Fife. Acres, 1203. Real property in 1880-81, £6073. Pop. 2054. The beach is low and rocky, the land thence rises very abruptly, and the interior has un- dulations, but is mainly flat. The churches are Established and Free. The public school is partly new, and has about 211 scholars, and it and 3 others have jointly accommodation for 398.

ABERDALGIE, parish, from 1J to 4£ miles west of Bridge of Earn, Perthshire. It has a post office under Perth. Acres, 4165. Real property in 1880-81, £4657. Pop. 297. The surface rises from the Earn to the northern boundary, presents a luxuriant appearance, and commands picturesque views. The chief feature is Dupplin Castle, the seat of the Earl of Kinnoul. The public school has about 38 scholars.

ABERDEEN, city on the south-east verge of Aberdeenshire, at mouth of river Dee, 90 miles north-east-by-north of Perth. It ranks as a royal and parliamentary burgh, a place of sheriff and justiciary courts, a university town, a seat of manufacture, and a head port. It appears first on record in 1179 ; it was enthralled by the English from 1296 till 1308, but expelled them under the war-cry, ' Bon- accord ' ; it was destroyed by them in 1336, but was soon rebuilt, and then called New Aber- deen. It figured much in subsequent national events, both political and military, and it gives the title of earl to a branch of the family of Gordon. Its site includes rising ground and dell, giving diversity to the street alignments ; and its building material is granite, occasioning it to be called the Granite City. Its thorough- fares, till near the end of last century,

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were narrow, dense, and ill-built; but they have from time to time, down to 1881, been so improved and extended as to make it one of the finest cities in Great Britain. Castle Street, in its centre, is a large, grandly-edificed rectangle. Union Street, extending thence about f mile to the west-south-west, is both remarkably well-edificed in itself, and commands striking views of other parts of the city. King Street, extending northward from Castle Street, is little inferior to Union Street ; and a number of other thorough- fares are straight, spacious, and pleasing.

The Municipal and County Buildings, in Castle Street, were erected in 1865-69, at a cost of about £60,000. The post office, at foot of Market Street, was erected in 1872-76, at a cost of about £16,000. The North of Scotland Bank, at south-west corner of Queen Street, was erected in 1839, at a cost of £14,000. The Music Hall buildings, in Union Street, were completed about 1855, at a cost of £16,500. The theatre, in Guild Street, was erected in 1872, at a cost of nearly £8000. The Market Cross,in Castle Street, a singularly complex ornamental struc- ture, was erected in 1686, and reconstructed in 1842. A bridge, spanning a ravine in the line of Union Street, was erected at a cost of £13,342. Victoria Bridge, across the Dee, in line of Market Street, was completed in 1881, at a cost of fully £20,000. The Prince Consort's Monu- ment, at south end of Union Terrace, was inaugurated in 1863. The Duke of Gor- don's Monument, in Castle Street, is a colossal granite statue. "Sir William "Wallace's Monument, in front of Union Terrace, was projected in February 1880. St. Nicholas Established church, oft' Union Street, was originally a cathedral-like, cruciform edifice, suffered partial destruc- tion by fire in 1874, and was restored at a cost of about £15,000, before the end of 1878. The North Established church, in Queen Street, was erected in 1826, at a cost of £10,500. The East and West Free churches, in Belmont Street, form one imposing cruciform edifice. Other Pres- byterian churches, Established, Free, and United Presbyterian, are modern and good. The Congregational chapel, in Shiprow, was erected in 1867, at a cost of more than £5500. St. Andrew's Episco- palian church, in King Street, was erected in 1817, at a cost of £8000, and acquired a new chancel in 1880. St. Mary's Episco- palian church, in Carden Place, was erected about 1864. The Roman Catholic church, in Huntly Street, was erected in 1860, and contains 1200 sittings. Maris- chal College, in Broad Street, was erected in 1837-41 ; occupies the site of previous buildings dating from old times ; and in 1860 was constituted one university with King's College in Old Aberdeen. The Old Academy, long famous for producing x distinguished scholars, was voted in May

1880 to be converted into a museum of science and art. A public school in Com- merce Street, one of 5 new schools provided by the burgh school board, was built in 1876, at a cost of about £4500. The Infirmary, at Woolmanhill, was erected in 1840, at a cost of about £17,000. The Lunatic Asylum, in the north-western outskirts, was completed in 1819, at a cost of about £20,000. A public park at Allen- vale was begun to be formed in August 1881, and comprises about 47 acres.

The city has a head post office with all departments ; 6 sub-offices, with each a money order department ; railway com- munication northward, north-westward, westward, and southward ; 2 head banking offices, 6 branch banking offices, and numerous hotels ; contains 12 Estab- lished churches, 19 Free churches, 6 United Presbyterian, 5 Congregational, 2 Evangelical Union, 3 Baptist, 5 Episco- palian, and 6 of other denominations ; had formerly 90 schools for 12,708 scholars, and now has 86 schools for 14,677 ; publishes 3 daily newspapers and 5 weekly; carries on large manu- factures of linens, woollens, and cottons, and much business in iron works, breweries, distilleries, granite polishing works, shipbuilding yards, and other establishments ; and conducts extensive export of its own produce, and of grain and fish. Its harbour lies within the Dee's mouth, comprehends an elaborate, series of artificial works, cost long ago about £500,000, and was designed in 1876, and recommended again near the end of 1880, to undergo further extension. The vessels belonging to the port at end of 1879 were 178 sailing vessels, of 98,763 tons, and 45 steam vessels, of 20,421 tons ; and the arrivals in that year were 2030 British vessels, of 486,581 tons, and 143 foreign vessels, of 34,566 tons ; the departures, 1985 British vessels, of 479,218 tons, and 137 foreign vessels, of 33,175 tons. The parliamentary burgh sends 1 member to Parliament, and the university unites with Glasgow University in sending another. Real property of the burgh in 1880-81, £429,267. Pop. in 1881, 105,003.

ABERDEEN (OLD), suburb, adjacent to the river Don, about a mile north of Aberdeen. It became the seat of a bishopric in 1154, acquired a university in 1494, and was long a rival to Aberdeen, but is now small, quiet, and semi-rural, and has a post office, with money order department, under Aberdeen. The nave of its cathedral still stands, measures 126 by 68 feet, has a very fine western window, and is used as Old Machar parish church. King's College was built in the 16th century, underwent much renovation and improvement subsequent to 1859, and has a tower surmounted by a stone crown, similar to that of St. Giles' Church in Edinburgh. The arts and divinity classes

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are held in this college ; the law and medicine classes are held in Marischal College, Aberdeen ; and the number of matriculated students in the winter session of 1879-80 was 701, in the summer session of 1881, 233. An ancient one- arched bridge and a modern five-arched bridge span the Don in the near vicinity ; and the former is the ' Brig o' Balgownie,' figuring in an anecdote and lines of Lord Byron.

ABERDEENSHIRE, maritime county, ex- tending from the river Dee to the Moray Firth, and from the Dee's mouth to the summits of the Cairngorm Mountains. Its length is about 86 miles ; its greatest breadth about 47 miles ; its extent of coast about 70 miles ; its circumference about 280 miles ; its area 1970 square miles. Its ancient divisions were Buchan, Strath- bogie, Formartine, Garioch, and Mar ; and its modern districts are Deer, Turriff, Huntly, Garioch, Alford, Ellon, New Machar, Aberdeen, Deeside, and Braemar. The coast has few indentations, is partly rocky and precipitous, and includes the most easterly ground in Scotland. About two-thirds of the interior are either sands, mosses, moors, hills, or mountains. The northern, eastern, and south-eastern parts are the least elevated, and comprise a large aggregate of low flat land ; while the south-western parts are prevailingly lofty and rugged, and include summits and offsets of the Cairngorm Mountains. The chief rocks are granite, gneiss, and mica slate. The principal rivers are the Dee, the Don, the Deveron, and the Ythan. The soils are very various and averagely poor, but have been so skilfully worked as to be remarkably productive. The towns with each above 4000 inhabi- tants are Aberdeen, Peterhead, and Fraserburgh ; with each above 2000, Huntly, Inverury, Turriff, and New Pit- sligo ; with each above 1000, Old Meldrum, Rosehearty, and Strichen ; and the villages with each above 500, Auchmull, Ballater, Boddam,Cuminestone, Ellon, Inverallochy, Kintore, New Aberdour, Newburgh, and St. Comb. The county sends 2 mem- bers to Parliament, and is cut for that purpose into two divisions, eastern and western. Real property in 1880-81, £919,203. Pop. in 1871, 244,003 ; in 1881, 267,963.

ABERDONA, seat, 4J miles north-east of Clackmannan.

ABERDOUR, village and parish on north coast of Firth of Forth, Fife. The village stands on a fine sheltered bay, 2| miles west-by-south of Burntisland ; consists of three parts, "Wester Aberdour, Easter Aberdour, and Newton ; was anciently a royal landing-place for Dunfermline ; con- tains the site of an ancient nunnery and finely situated ruins of an ancient castle ; is now a favourite summer resort for rustication and sea-bathing; maintains direct steamboat communication with

Leith ; and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Burntisland, an Established church, a Free church, and a public school with about 166 scholars. Pop. 610. — The parish contains also Donibristle colliery and Wemyss Square villages, and includes Inchcolm Island. Acres, 5974. Real pro- perty in 1880-81, £12,500.. Pop. 1736. The coast is intricate, diversified, and pictur- esque, and commands charming views. The land thence, to a hill-ridge through the centre, is mostly fertile and beautiful, and the tract on the north is mostly bleak hill. Aberdour Castle is a seat of Baron Aberdour, the Earl of Morton, and there are 4 other mansions. A public school is at Donibristle.

ABERDOUR, parish, containing New Aberdour village, on north coast of Aberdeenshire. New Aberdour stands 8 miles west-south-west of Fraserburgh, was founded in 1798, and has a post office under Fraserburgh, an Established church, a Free church, and 2 public schools with about 238 scholars. Pop. 642.— The parish contains also the fishing village of Pennan, and is about 7 miles long and 5 miles broad. Acres, 15,508. Real property in 1880-81, £8672. Pop., quoad civilia, 2124 ; quoad sacra, 1903. The western division rises mostly from 200 to 300 feet above sea-level ; the eastern division is compara- tively low and flat ; the whole comprises a great proportion of moss, moor, and barren land. The coast is rocky, bold, and cavernous ; includes a striking natural feature similar to the Bullers of Buchan ; and is surmounted at one point by the ruined historical castle of Dundargue. The rocks possess much interest both for science and for utility. There are 4 schools for 440 scholars, and one of them and an enlargement for 121 are new.

ABERFELDY, town at terminus of branch of Highland Railway, 32| miles north-west of Perth. It stands on Moness burn, adjacent to the Tay, amid a picturesque tract of country ; is famous for falls on Moness burn in a wooded dell, sung by Burns as the 4 Birks o' Aberfeldy ; ' has good street arrangements, with recent ex- tension in questionable tastes ; has much at- traction for tourists and summer residents, and contains a head post office with all departments, 3 banking offices, 2 hotels, a public hall projected in 1880, an Estab- lished church, also projected in 1880, a large Free church, a large Congregational church, a small Baptist chapel, and a public school with about 240 scholars. Pop. 1260.

ABERFOYLE, parish in south-west ex- tremity of Perthshire, with post office under Stirling, and a hotel 6| miles north- north- west of Bucklyvie railway station. Length, lOi miles; breadth, 5^- miles ; area, 26,810 acre's. Real property in 1880-81, £4579. Pop., quoad civilia, 465 ; quoad sacra, 409. A bill was promoted in 1880

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for a railway, on a capital of £55,000, from the vicinity of the hotel to a junction with the Forth and Clyde Railway between Bucklyvie and Balfron. _ A glen, on the south-east border, contains the hotel and the church ; extends about 2 miles west- ward, with a width of about £ mile, and is traversed by the chief head- stream of the river Forth. A pass at the glen's head figured much in the raids of the Highland caterans, and was the scene of a victory by Graham of Duchray over a body of Cromwell's troops. The general surface is upland, and includes Benvenue, Ben- chochan, and some lesser mountains. Loch Katrine, the Trossachs, and Loch Achray are on the- northern border ; Loch Drunkie is in the north-east corner ; and Locbs Chon and Ard are in the south- west. The aggregate scenery is much diversified and richly picturesque, and many spots figure graphically in Sir Walter Scott's Rob Roy, Waverley, and Lady of the Lake; but the ' clachan ' of his romance, on a site about a mile west of the hotel, is now extinct. The public school has about 65 scholars.

ABERGELDIE, seat on the Dee, 2\ miles east of Balmoral, Aberdeenshire. The Birks of Abergeldie are the subject of an old melody, transferred by Burns to his 'Birks o' Aberfeldy.' The mansion is a modernized, ancient, castellated edifice, and, together with the grounds, was purchased by the late Prince Consort, and is now included in Balmoral demesne.

ABERIACHAN, burn, entering left side of Loch Ness, 4 miles north-east of Fort- Augustus, Inverness-shire. It traverses romantic scenery, makes fine falls, and passes a large spar cave.

ABERLADY, village and parish on north- west coast of Haddingtonshire. The vil- lage stands 3 miles west-by-north of Drem railway station, is a sea-bathing resort, and has a post office, with money order depart- ment, under Longniddry, an Established church, a United Presbyterian church, and a public school with about 185 scholars. Pop. 438. — The parish is 3f miles long, and Z\ miles broad. Acres, 4319. Real property in 1880-81, £11,270. Pop. 1000. The surface rises very slowly from the shore, and looks to be almost flat, yet presents a rich appearance. Gosford House, the seat of the Earl of Wemyss, and Ballencrieff, the seat of Lord Elibank, are chief features. Aberlady Bay, taking name from the parish, is an encurvature from Gullane Point, past Prestonpans, Musselburgh, and Portobello, to Leith.

ABERLEMNO parish around Auldbar railway station, near centre of Forfarshire. It has a post office under Forfar. Its length is 6 miles, its greatest breadth 4f miles, its area 8914 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £10,874. Pop. 993. The surface is partly level, partly hilly, and rises from about 200 to about 600 feet above sea-level. The seats are Auldbar

Castle, Balgavies, and Carsegownie ; and the chief antiquities are Flemmington Castle and Melgund Castle, the latter a ruin giving the title of viscount to the Earl of Minto. The churches are Estab- lished and Free ; and the public school has about 104 scholars.

ABERLOUR, village and parish on south- west border of Banffshire. The village stands on the Spey, 17 miles south-west of Keith, was founded in 1812, presents a well-built appearance, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph depart- ments, under Craigellachie, a railway station, 2 banking offices, an Established Norman church of 1861, a Free church, an Episcopalian early English church of 1877, an orphanage connected with that church, and a public school with about 190 scholars. Pop. 721. — The parish is 9 miles long and 5 miles broad. Acres, 14,781. Real pro- perty in 1880-81, £6464. Pop., quoad civilia, 1912 ; quoad sacra, 1794. The Spey traces all the boundary with Elginshire, and is here deep and rapid. Aberlour burn, entering that river at the village, makes a cascade of 30 feet. Craigellachie on the Spey will be separately noticed. The south-western district is mountainous, and includes most of Benrinnes ; the other districts also are prevailingly hilly, yet about two-thirds of the entire area are cultivated. Aberlour House is an elegant modern mansion. There are 3 schools for 343 scholars, and include recent en- largements for 61.

ABERLUTHNOTT, ancient parish, now called Marykirk, Kincardineshire.

ABERMILK, ancient parish, now called St. Mungo, Dumfriesshire.

ABERNETHY, village in Perthshire, and parish, partly also in Fife. The village stands 7f miles south-east of Perth, was anciently a seat of the Culdees, and a capital of Pictavia ; contains an ancient round tower similar to the famous round towers of Ireland ; presents now a plain, modern appearance, and has a post office, with money order department, under New- burgh, a railway station, an Established church, a United Presbyterian church, and a recently enlarged public school for 362 scholars. Pop. 906. — The parish contains also Aberargie village, includes Mugdrum Island, and is nearly 5 miles long and about 4 miles broad. Acres in Perthshire, 7577; in Fife, 1967. Real property in 1880-81, £12,788 and £2343. Pop. 1586 and 128. About one-third of the surface is low, rich land around and near the confluence of the Earn and the Tay ; and the rest is part of the Ochil Hills, cloven by Glenfarg. The seats are Carpow, Ayton, and Carey ; and some antiquities are Balvaird Castle, remains of a Roman camp, and vestiges of a vitrified fort.

ABERNETHY, parish around Nethy Bridge, Broomhill, and Boat-of-Garten stations on Strathspey and Highland Railways, east border of Inverness-shire.

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Area, about 146 square miles. Real pro- perty in 1880-81, £8329. Pop. 1530. The surface extends along the Spey from Rothiemurchus to Cromdale, and ascends thence south-eastward to summits of the Cairngorms. Small part is low, flat land contiguous to the Spey ; and much of the mountains is covered with natural pine woods. The parish has a post office under Grantown, 2 parochial churches with 1000 and 600 sittings, a Free church, and 3 public schools for 310 scholars.

ABERNYTE, parish in Sidlaw district, Perthshire, mainly about 2 miles north-north-west of Inchture railway station. Post town, Inchture. Acres, 2532. Real property in 1880-81, £3011. Pop. 275. The surface is mostly hilly, and rises from about 300 to about 1155 feet above sea-level. A Free church serves for Abernyte and Rait. The public school has about 75 scholars.

ABERTARF, parish, united to Boleskine, Inverness-shire.

ABERUCHILL, seat, 2 miles west-south- west of Comrie, Perthshire.

ABERUTHVEN, village, 2£ miles north- east of Auchterarder, Perthshire. It has a post office under Auchterarder, a ruined ancient church used as a burying-place of the Duke of Montrose, a Free church, and a public school. Pop. 331.

ABINGTON, village on the Clyde, 43J miles south- west-by- south of Edinburgh. It is a meet for huntsmen, and a centre for anglers, and it has a post office desig- nated of Lanarkshire, a railway station, an inn, and a Free church.

ABOVE-THE-HILL, place, with public school, in Harray parish, Orkney.

ABOYNE, village and parish in Deeside district, Aberdeenshire. The village stands on the Dee, 32^- miles west-south- west of Aberdeen ; it has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Aberdeen, a railway station, a banking office, an inn, a suspension bridge, an Established church of 1842, a Free church, and a public school with about 164 scholars, and it gives the titles of baron, viscount, and earl to the Marquis of Huntly. Pop. about 200. — The present parish comprises the old parishes of Aboyne and Glentanner, and extends from Coull to Kincardineshire. Acres, 25,265. Real property in 1880-81, £8005. Pop. 1427. About one-tenth of the land is arable, a considerable aggregate is under wood, and the rest is pastoral or heathy hill and mountain. Aboyne Castle, the seat of the Marquis of Huntly, stands near the village, and is an imposing edifice of dates from 11th century till recent years. There are 3 public schools for 318 scholars, and one of them, for 160, is new.

ACHADASHENAIG, seat, overlooking Aros Bay, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ACHADHAMILLAN, place on south-east side of Loch Killisport, Argyleshire.

ACHAHOISH, hamlet at head of Loch Killisport, Argyleshire. It has a post office under Lochgilphead.

ACHALERAN, place in Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire. It has a public school with about 53 scholars.

ACHALICK, bay on east side of Loch Fyne, nearly opposite Tarbert, Argyleshire.

ACHALL, lake in Lochbroom parish, Ross-shire.

ACHALL ADER, ruined baronial fortalice on Loch Tolla, Glenorchy, Argyleshire.

ACHALLY, lake, and hill 1694 feet high, in Clunie parish, Perthshire.

ACHANACY, hill in Keith parish, Banff- shire.

ACHANAULT. See Auchanault.

A CHANDARINE, village in Inverary parish, Argyleshire.

ACHANEILAN, deep quagmire, 5 miles long, adjacent to Loch Shiel, on north border of Argyleshire.

ACHANY, seat, 4 miles south-west of Lairg, Sutherland.

ACHARACLE, quoad sacra parish around Loch Shiel, Argyleshire and Inverness- shire. Pop. 1236. It has a post office under Fort-William, an Established church, a Free church preaching-station, and 3 new public schools.

ACHARDALE, quondam hamlet in Hal- kirk parish, Caithness.

ACHARN, village, and burn with pic- turesque cascades, 2 miles west-south-west of Kenmore, Perthshire.

ACHASTLE, ruined old castle in Latheron parish, Caithness.

ACHAVANICH, place, 8 miles north of Dunbeath, in Caithness.

ACHBRECK, village in Glenlivet, 10 miles south of Dufftown, Banffshire. It has a post office under Ballindalloch.

ACHILTIE, lake in Contin parish, Ross- shire.

ACHINCASS. See Auchincass.

ACHINDUIN, ruined episcopal castle on west coast of Lismore Island, Argyleshire.

ACHINDUNE, ruined strong baronial fortalice on Fiddich rivulet, near Dufftown, Banffshire.

ACHLYNE, noble shooting-lodge in Glen- dochart, Perthshire.

ACHNACARRY, hamlet and seat at convergence of Glenarchaig and Great Glen, Inverness-shire. The hamlet has a post office under Fort- William.

ACHNACLOICH, lake in Rosskeen parish, Ross-shire.

ACHNACRAIG, hamlet at mouth of Loch Don, Mull Island, Argyleshire. It is the ferry station to Oban, and it has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Oban, and a harbour.

ACHNACROISH, place, 3 miles north of Achnacraig, Mull Island, Argyleshire. It has a post office under Oban.

ACHNAGOL, village in Inverary parish, Argyleshire.

ACHNAHANNET, place, with public school, in Kincardine parish, Ross-shire.

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ACHNAHOW, glen in Kildonan parish, Sutherland.

ACHNESS, castle near foot of Glen- cassley, Sutherland.

ACHR ANNIE, wild cataract within frightful chasm on river Isla, on west border of Forfarshire.

ACHRAY, picturesque lake a short distance east of the Trossachs, Perthshire.

ACHRISGILL, impetuous stream run- ning to Loch Inchard, on west coast of Sutherland.

ACHTERCAIRN, hamlet in Gairloch parish, Ross-shire. It has a public school with about 123 scholars.

ACKERGILL, place on Sinclair Bay, 3 miles north of Wick, Caithness. It has a public school, and it was designed in December 1879 to have a steamship pier to accommodate steamers in lieu of their going up to Wick. Ackergill Tower is partly an ancient, massive, well-preserved fortalice, and partly a modern castellated mansion.

ADAM'S ROW, village in Newton parish, Edinburghshire.

ADAMTON, seat near Monkton, Ayr- shire.

ADD, river, running 12 miles south- westward to head of Loch Crinan, Argyle- shire.

ADDIEWELL, town, about a mile west of West Calder, Edinburghshire. It was founded subsequent to 1864 ; it consists almost wholly of extensive paraffin works and of houses for the workmen ; and it stands adjacent to West Calder railway station, and has a post office . under Mid- Calder. Pop. 1819.

ADIE, hill in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

ADIGO, lake in Uig parish, Lewis, Outer Hedrides.

ADVIE, old parish, now part of Crom- dale, Elginshire. It has a railway station 8£ miles north-east of Grantown, a post office under Ballindalloch, and a chapel-of- ease.

AE, river, running 16 miles south-east- ward to the Kinnel, at 2 miles north-north- west of Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire.

AFFLECK, old baronial fortalice, almost entire, in Monikie parish, Forfarshire.

AFFLECK, Ayrshire. See Auchinleck.

AFFORSK, romantic ravine in Gamrie parish, Banffshire.

AFFRICK, lake and river in Strath- affrick, north-west border of Inverness- shire. The lake lies in the upper part of the strath, measures about 5 miles in length, and is overhung by Alpine moun- tains. The river traverses both that lake and Loch Benevean, makes several fine cascades, and takes afterwards the name of Glass.

AFTON, rivulet, running 6$ miles north- ward to the Nith, at New Cumnock, Ayr- shire. It is sung by Burns.

AFTON-BRIDGEND, village on Afton rivulet, near New Cumnock, Ayrshire. It has a Free church. Pop. 350.

AHEURICH, glen in Sunart district, Argyleshire.

AICHILTIBUIE, hamlet in Lochbroom parish, Ross-shire. It has a public school with about 120 scholars.

AIGAS. See Ellan-Aigas.

AIKENHAULD, site of old parochial church in Oathlaw parish, Forfarshire.

AIKENHEAD, seat in Cathcart parish, Renfrewshire.

AIKERNESS, estate in Evie parish, Orkney.

AIKET, ancient castle in Dunlop parish, Ayrshire.

AIKEY-BRAE, historical spot near Old Deer, Aberdeenshire.

AILSA-CRAIG, insular conical rock in Firth of Clyde, 10 miles west-by-north of Girvan, Ayrshire. It consists of syenitic trap, rises steeply to height of 1114 feet above mean level tide, and is inhabited by countless multitudes of sea-fowl. Pop. 7.

AILSK, wild upland lake, a source of Oikell river in Sutherland.

AIRD, peninsula, 5 miles long, in Storno- way parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

AIRD, headland, forming north - east extremity of Skye Island, Inverness-shire.

AIRD, large, rich, picturesque tract on the Beauly, in north-west extremity of Inverness-shire.

AIRD, rocky promontory, with remains of Scandinavian fort, in Saddell parish, Kintyre, Argyleshire.

AIRD, hamlet in Inch parish, Wigton- shire.

AIRD or ARD, any hummocky height, small or large, low or high, either on coast or inland. The word is used chiefly as a prefix, and mostly in the form of 'Ard.'

AIRDIT, seat in Leuchars parish, Fife.

AIRDRIE, parliamentary burgh, 12 miles east-by-north of Glasgow. It was no more than a small hamlet so late as 1725 ; and it rose into consequence, and has con- tinued to prosper, in connection with mining and manufacture. It includes a long, spacious, well-built principal street ; but it is incompact, and straggles into suburbs. It has a head post office with all departments, 2 railway stations, 4 banking offices, a large hotel, a neat town hall, a company's public hall, 3 Estab- lished churches, 4 Free churches, 2 United Presbyterian churches, Congrega- tional, Evangelical Union, Baptist, Wes- leyan, and Roman Catholic chapels, 3 public schools, 2 academies, and 2 other schools, and it publishes a weekly newspaper. One of its Established churches was erected in 1875, at a cost of about £6000, and contains about 900 sittings. One of the public schools was erected in 1876, at a cost of about £8000, and has accommodation for about 800 scholars. The burgh unites with Hamil- ton, Lanark, Falkirk, and Linlithgow in sending a member to Parliament. Pop. 13,363.

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AIRDRIE, seat in Crail parish, Fife.

AIRDS, peninsula between Loch Linnhe and Loch Creran, Argyleshire.

AIRDS, bay of Loch Etive, Muckairn parish, Argyleshire.

AIRDSMOSS. See Aibsmoss.

AIRI-INNIS, lake in Morvern parish, Argyleshire.

AIRLEYWIGHT, seat in Auchtergaven parish, Perthshire.

AIRLIE, parish on west border of For- farshire, midway between Kirriemuir and Alyth. Post town, Kirriemuir. Length, 6 miles ; greatest breadth, 4 miles ; area, 8923 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £11,092. Pop. 844. The surface is partly low ground within Strathmore, and partly a series of ridges, rising thence to an ex- treme altitude of about 510 feet. Airlie Castle, the seat of the Earl of Airlie, stands in the north-west corner, crowns a rocky promontory at the influx of Mel- gum rivulet to the Isla, is an elegant modern edifice, and retains vestiges of the 'Bonnie House o' Airlie,' celebrated in song. Lindertis House and P>aikie House also are modern. The churches are Estab- lished and Free ; and there are 2 public schools for Airlie, and another for it and part of Kirriemuir.

AIRNTULLY. See Arntully.

AIRSMOSS, large morass between Auch- inleck and Muirkirk, Ayrshire. It was the scene in 1680 of the skirmish in which the famous Covenanter Richard Cameron fell ; and it contains a monument called ' Cameron's Stone.'

AIRTH, village and parish in Carse dis- trict, Stirlingshire. The village stands near the Forth, 5 miles north-by-east of Falkirk, and has a post office under Lar- bert. Pop. 487. — The parish contains also Dunmore village, and extends about 5 miles along the Forth. Acres, 5477. Real property in 1880-81, £13,769. _ Pop. 1362. The surface, with exception of two small hills, is all low and flat, and most of it is very fertile. Airth Hill is a circular eminence less than 100 feet high. Airth Castle is an elegant modem man- sion, and was preceded by an ancient tower, which figures in the history of Sir William Wallace. Dunmore House, the seat of the Earl of Dunmore, is a pro- minent feature ; and Higgin's Nook and Powfoulis are other mansions. The churches are Established, Free, and United Presbyterian. The schools are 4, with accommodation for 466 scholars, and one of them and an enlargement for 200 are new.

AIRTHREY, mineral wells and an es- tate on northern verge of Stirlingshire. The wells are on a height in the eastern vicinity of Bridge of Allan, are approached thence by ornate walks, and have a neat bath - house. The estate belongs to Lord Abercromby, comprises picturesque grounds among skirts of the Ochil Hills, and has a fine castellated mansion.

AITHSTING, parish united to Sand- sting, Shetland.

AIT-SUIDHE-THUIN, lofty mountain, with magnificent view, at head of Loch Portree, Isle of Skye.

AKERMOOR, lake, 8 miles south-west of Selkirk.

AKERNESS, tract in extreme north of Westray Island, Orkney. It has coast cliffs so torn and pierced as to disport the sea billows in a manner similar to the Bullers of Buchan.

ALAUNA, quondam Caledonian town and Roman station on Allan river, near boundary between Perthshire and Stirling- shire.

ALBANY, originally all the country of the Scottish Celts, afterwards only the region now forming Breadalbane, Athole, and parts of Lochaber, Glenorchy, and Appin. A dukedom of Albany was created first for a younger son of Robert II., next for the second son of James n.

ALCLUYTH, < the rock on the Clyde,' or Dumbarton Castle, as known to the Venerable Bede.

ALDARDER, streamlet running to the Spey, in Knockando parish, Elginshire.

ALDC AMBUS, old parish, now part of Cockburnspath, Berwickshire.

ALDCATHIE, detached part of Dalmeny parish, Linlithgowshire.

ALDERNIE, affluent of the Fiddich, in Boharm parish, Banffshire.

ALDERSTONE, seat in Haddington parish, Haddingtonshire.

ALDHAM, old parish, now part of Whitekirk, Haddingtonshire.

ALDHOUSE, village in East Kilbride parish, Lanarkshire.

ALDIE, hamlet, deserted baronial fort- alice, and estate in Fossaway parish, Perthshire.

ALDOURIE, seat and public school in Dores parish, Inverness-shire.

ALE, affluent of the Eye, between Ayton and Eyemouth, Berwickshire.

ALE, affluent of the Teviot, near An- crum, Roxburghshire.

ALEMOOR, lake in Roberton parish, Roxburghshire.

ALEXANDRIA, town and quoad sacra parish in Vale of Leven, Dumbartonshire. The town stands on Leven river, 3| miles north of Dumbarton ; forms practically a joint town with Bonhill, separated from it only by the Leven ; is modern, well- built, and prosperous ; conducts much business in connection with neighbouring printfields and other public works ; and has a post office with all departments under Dumbarton, a railway station, a banking office, Established, Free, United Presbyterian, Congregational, Wesleyan, and Roman Catholic churches, and 2 public schools with about 745 scholars. Pop. of the town, 6173; of the quoad sacra parish, 6616.

ALFORD, village, parish, and district in south-west of Aberdeenshire. The village

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stands on the Don, at terminus of branch railway, 29£ miles west - north - west of Aberdeen ; is a scattered place, but a centre of considerable business ; and has a post office, with money order and tele- graph departments, under Aberdeen, 2 banking offices, a hotel, Established, Free, and Episcopalian churches, and a public school. Pop. 529. — The parish is 7 miles long and 3 miles broad. Acres, 9102. Real property in 1880-81, £8198. Pop. 1472. The surface is partly the western portion of a vale 10 miles long, including portions of 3 other parishes, and partly an engirdling series of hills and mountains. Less than half is under the plough, and much of the rest is moss, moor, and upland pasture. The mansions are Haughton and Breda. There are 3 schools, with accommodation for 292 scholars. — The district comprehends also the parishes of Auchindoir, Clatt, Glen- bucket, Keig, Kildrummy, Kinnethmont, Leochel, Rhynie, Strathdon, Tullynessle, Tough, Towie, and the Aberdeenshire part of Cabrach.

ALGUISH, place, 10 miles north-west of Garve, in Ross-shire.

ALLACHY, head-stream of the Tanner, Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

ALLAN, river of Perthshire and Stirling- shire, entering the Forth 1| mile north- west of Stirling.

ALLAN, stream, running to the Teviot at 4 miles south-west of Hawick, Roxburgh- shire.

ALLANBANK, hamlet on Whitadder water, in Edrom parish, Berwickshire.

ALLAN (BRIDGE OF). See Bkidge of Allan.

ALLANDER, river of Dumbartonshire and Stirlingshire, running to the Kelvin at 4^ miles west-south-west of Kirkintilloch,

ALLANMOUTH, place, with remains of Border peel, 4 miles south-west of Hawick, E oxburghshire.

ALLANSHAW, farmhouse, formerly an important seat in Hamilton parish, Lanarkshire.

ALLANTON, village on the Whitadder, 1^ mile south of Chirnside, Berwickshire. It has a Free church.

ALLANTON, village in Hamilton parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 351.

ALLANTON, seat of Sir Henry J. S. Steuart, Bart., 3J miles east-north-east of Wishaw, Lanarkshire. It is mainly modern, but includes an old castle.

ALLANTON, place, with public school, in Galston parish, Ayrshire.

ALLANTON, burn, entering the Nith near Auldgirth Bridge, Dumfriesshire.

ALLARDYCE, estate, with ruined ancient mansion, in Arbuthnot parish, Kincardine- shire.

ALLEAN, seat on lower part of the Tummel, Perthshire.

ALLEN, stream, running 6 miles south- ward to the Tweed, at If mile west-north- west of Melrose, Roxburghshire. Its vale

is the Glendearg of Sir Walter Scott's Monastery.

ALLERMUIR, a summit of the Pentland Hills, 1617 feet high, 5 miles south-by- west of Edinburgh.

ALLNESS. See Alness.

ALLOA, town and parish in Clackmannan- shire. The town stands on the Forth, 7 miles east of Stirling ; has railway com- munication towards the four points of the compass, is a head port, a seat of manu- facture, a police burgh, and the political capital of Clackmannanshire ; dates from ancient times, but has few marks of antiquity, and few associations with history ; shows well-built modern streets and some elegant outskirts, and has a head post office with all departments, a junction railway station, a ferry nexus with South Alloa railway station, 4 banking offices, 4 hotels, a county court- house of 1865, an archaeological hall of 1874, a steepled Established church of 1819, 2 Free churches, 2 United Pres- byterian churches, a Baptist church of 1881, an Episcopalian church, a Sweden- borgian church, a burgh school of 1876, a beautiful small academy, and a new dock, formed in 1879-81. Its shipping in 1879 comprised 776 British vessels, of 95,900 tons, and 291 foreign vessels, of 46,281 tons, inwards ; and 755 British vessels, of 93,260 tons, and 298 foreign vessels, of 51,866 tons, outwards. Alloa Tower, on its east side, was the seat of the Earls of Mar, dated from the 13th century, was burnt in 1800, and is now a thick-walled shell, 89 feet high. Alloa Park House, eastward of the tower, is the seat of the Earl of Mar and Kellie, an ornate hollow quadrangle, 185 feet by 120. Pop. of the police burgh, 8812 ; of the town, including New Sauchie suburb, 10,591. — The parish excludes New Sauchie, but in- cludes Tullibody village and 2 islands, and is averagely 4 miles long. Acres, 5499. Real property in 1880-81, £55,330. Pop. 11,638. The part adjacent to the Forth is rich carse, and the rest is a fertile diversi- fied assemblage of vales, rising grounds, and small hills. There are 10 schools for 2022 scholars, and one of them and a class-room for 450 are new.

ALLOA (SOUTH), place, with dock and railway station, on right bank of the Forth, opposite Alloa. The dock was projected in 1875 by a company with large capital.

ALLOWAY, quoad sacra parish, with church, 2f miles south of Ayr. It is in- tersected by the river Doon ; and it com- prises, on the right side, an old parish of Alio way, which became annexed to Ayr ; on the left side, part of the parish of May- bole. Pop. of the Ayr part, 486 ; of the Maybole part, 421. The new church was erected in 1858. The old church, which served for the old civil parish, stands in the near vicinity of the new, is a small, plain, roofless ruin, and has much celebrity as the scene of the fiend revelry in Burns'

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Tarn o' Shanter. The ' Auld Brig o' Doon, ' figuring also in Tarn o' Shanter, a new- bridge erected since Burns' time, a cyclo- style monument to Burns, erected in 1820, and a neat inn, called Burns', are in the same vicinity : and Burns' cottage, where the poet was born, is about f mile to the north, and was purchased in September 1880 for £4000, to be converted into a Burns' museum.

ALMAGILL, hill, with ancient Caledonian camp and extensive view, in Dalton parish, Dumfriesshire.

ALMERICLOSS, seat in St. Yigeans parish, Forfarshire.

ALMOND, river, running 25 miles north- eastward to Firth of Forth, between Lin- lithgowshire and Edinburghshire.

ALMOND, river, running 22 miles east- ward to the Tay, at2|miles north of Perth.

ALMOND BANK, village on the Almond, 4 miles north-west of Perth. It has a post office under Perth, and a railway station. Pop. 317.

ALMOND CASTLE, ruined grand edifice on the left side of the Avon, 5J miles east-south-east of Falkirk. It dates from the time of James in., and was often held for the crown by the Earls of Linlithgow.

ALMONDDALE. See Amondell.

ALNESS, river, town, and parish in east side of Boss-shire. The river runs 14 miles eastward and south-eastward to Cromarty Firth, at about 10 miles north- north-east of Dingwall, and it forms the boundary between Alness and Bosskeen parishes. — The town stands on the river, near its mouth, adjacent to the Highland Kailway ; consists of Alness proper, in Alness parish, and Alness Bridge or Bridgend of Alness, in Bosskeen parish, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Inver- ness, a railway station, a banking office, an Established church, a Free church, and 2 public schools. Pop. of Alness proper, about 202 ; of Alness Bridge, 942. — The parish measures about 20 miles in length, and about 5 miles in mean breadth. Beal property in 1880-81, £8531. Pop.1033. The tract adjacent to the firth is mostly flat, arable, and embellished ; but the other parts are hilly or mountainous, and exten- sively barren. Novar House, in the lower part, is a fine feature ; and 2 lakes and Ault- grande burn richly diversify the uplands. There are 3 schools for 191 scholars, and 2 of them and an enlargement for 131 are new.

ALNWICK LODGE, collier village in Irvine parish, Ayrshire.

ALTACHOYLACHAN, burn in Glenlivet, Banffshire. The battle of 1594, commonly called the battle of Glenlivet, was fought on its banks.

ALTANDOW, hamlet in Lochbroom parish, Boss-shire. It has a public school with about 86 scholars.

ALTASS, place 4£ miles from Invershin, on south border of Sutherland. It has a post office under Ardgay.

ALTAVAIG, low, flat islet, with site of ancient chapel, off north-east coast of Skye.

ALTBEA, place, with pleasant small bay, on east side of Loch Ewe, Boss -shire.

ALTDOURAN, romantic glen in Leswalt parish, Wigtonshire.

ALTENS, fishing harbour in Nigg parish, Kincar din eshire.

ALTIMARLACH, burn, entering Wick river 3 miles west of Wick, Caithness. The notable conflict between the Campbells and the Sinclairs, in 1680, was fought on its banks.

ALTMORE, hill-ridge, 5 miles south- south-east of Buckie, Banffshire.

ALTMORE, burn, entering the Isla 1| mile east of Keith, Banffshire.

ALTNABREAC, place with post office under Wick, and with railway station, 274- miles west-south-west of Wick, Caithness.

ALTNACH, affluent of the Aven, near Tomantoul, Banffshire.

ALTNAHARRA, place near head of Loch Naver, 21 miles north of Lairg, Sutherland. It has a post office under Lairg, an inn, and a Free church.

ALTNARIE, upland affluent of the Find- horn, with grand cascade, in Ardclach parish, Nairnshire.

ALTON, village in Loudoun parish, Ayrshire.

ALTRIVE, farm, 1|- mile south-east of foot of St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire. It was the last residence of Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd.

ALTYRE, old parish, now part of Baff ord, Elginshire. Altyre mansion here is the seat of Sir William G. Cumming, Bart. ; and Altyre burn is a head-stream of Forres river.

ALVA, town and parish forming detached part of Stirlingshire. The town stands on low flat ground, at terminus of branch railway, adjacent to acclivities of the Ochil Hills, 7 miles east-north-east of Stirling ; extends about f mile across the entrance of a romantic glen of its own name ; carries on woollen manufacture, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Stirling, 2 banking offices, a town hall, Estab- lished, Free, and United Presbyterian churches, and a public school of 1876, with accommodation for more than 700 scholars. Pop. 4961. — The parish measures about 4^ by 2J miles, and comprises 5458 acres. Beal property in 1880-81, £13,971. Pop. 5113. The southern part is low and fertile, and the other parts are a portion of the Ochils, enclosing Alva Glen. That glen is a cul de sac about 3 miles long ; contains the mansion and grounds of Alva House ; exhibits striking features of ravine, cliff, and waterfall ; and is overhung at the head by Bencleuch, the loftiest of the Ochils. There are 4 schools, with ac- commodation for 934 scholars.

ALV AH, parish on north-east border of Banffshire, midway between Banff and Turriff. Post town, Banff. Length and

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greatest breadth, each about 6 miles ; area, 11,488 acres. Keal property in 1880-81, £9712. Pop., quoad civilia, 1356; quoad sacra, 1187. The river Deveron traces most of the north-eastern boundary, and traverses there a romantic chasm spanned by a noble bridge. Much of the land adjacent to the river is alluvial, but much of the rest is hilly, and part of it barren. There are 2 public schools, one of them for females only, and they have about 52 and 49 scholars.

ALVES, hamlet and parish in north-west of Elginshire. The hamlet lies 5| miles west of Elgin, and has a post office under Forres, and a railway station. The parish includes about a mile of coast, and is about 6j miles long and 5| miles broad. Acres, 9404. Eeal property in 1880-81, £8992. Pop. 1117. The surface presents a pleasant diversity of dale and hill. The Knock, on the east border, is crowned by a modern tower, commands an extensive view, and is traditionally associated with the story of Macbeth and the witches. The churches are Established and Free ; and the public school is a new building, with accommoda- tion for 200 scholars.

ALVIE, parish in Badenoch district, Inverness-shire. It contains the post office of Lynwilg, under Aviemore, and the rail- way station of Kincraig. Its extreme length is upwards of 20 miles, and its area is 86,618 acres. Eeal property in 1880-81, £8561. Pop. 707. The surface is bisected by the Spey, includes part of that river's strath, averagely about 650 feet above sea-level, and extends on one side to one of the loftiest summits of the Central Grampians, on the other side to mountain summits considerably lower. Loch Alvie, in the strath, measures about 3 miles in circuit ; and Tor Alvie, adjacent to that lake, is a lofty crag surmounted by a monumental cairn. Other chief features are Kinrara, a seat of the Duke of Richmond ; and Belleville, built by ' Ossian ' Macpherson, on site of an ancient stronghold of the Comyns. The churches are Established and Free ; and the public school is a new building, with accommoda- tion for 150 scholars.

ALYTH, town on east border of Perth- shire, and parish, partly also on west border of Forfarshire. The town stands on a burn of its own name, at terminus of branch railway, 5£ miles north-west of Alyth Junction and 5 north-east of Blair- gowrie, carries on woollen and linen manufacture, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Meigle, 3 banking offices, an Established Norman church of 1839, Free, United Presbyterian, and Episcopal churches, and 2 public schools with about 238 scholars. Pop. 2377. — The parish is about 15 miles long, and com- prises 19,972 acres in Perthshire, and 3324 in Forfarshire. Eeal property in 1880-81 of the Perthshire part, £23,766 ; of

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the Forfarshire part, £1296. Pop. 3521. A tract of about 15 square miles is. part of Strathmore, low and fertile, and the other tracts ascend thence toward the Grampians, and are variously cultivated ground, moor, moss, and mountain. Chief objects are Mount Blair Mountain, King's Seat Hill, Sir James H. Earn say's seat of Bamff House, Balhary and Jordanstone mansions, Inverquiech Castle ruins, and a notable Pictish entrenchment. There are 4 schools for 562 scholars, and one of them, for 300, is new.

ALYTH JUNCTION, railway station, 24J miles north-east of Perth.

AMISFIELD, village, 5 miles north-east of Dumfries. It has a post office under Dumfries, and a railway station. Amisfield House and Tower stand in the vicinity, and the latter is a remarkably interesting old baronial fortalice.

AMISFIELD, a seat of the Earl of Wemyss, on the Tyne, about a mile east of Haddington.

AMONDELL, seat of the Earl of Buchan, on Almond river, in Uphall parish, Linlithgowshire.

AMPLE, stream, running northward to head of Loch Earn, Perthshire. It makes a fine cascade adjacent to Edinample House.

AMULREE, village, on river Bran, 10 miles south-west of Dunkeld, Perthshire. It has a post office under Dunkeld, an inn, a quoad sacra parish church for a pop. of 458, a Free church station, and a public school.

ANCRUM, village and parish, near centre of Eoxburghshire. The village stands on Ale river, near Ancrum bridge, on the Teviot, 3| miles north-north-west of Jedburgh ; is near the site of an ancient Caledonian fort ; had a monastery of the time of David I. and a large establishment of the knights of Malta, and now has a post office under Jedburgh, an ancient cross, a parochial church, a Free church, and a public school with about 144 scholars. Pop. 430. — The parish is 6 miles long, and comprises 10,295 acres. Eeal property in 1880-81, £15,586. Pop. 1360. The surface is pleasantly diversified, and in- cludes considerable eminences, but is nowhere hilly. The river Teviot traces all the south-eastern boundary, and the Ale runs through the centre, and has a reach of rocky banks pierced with numer- ous artificial caves. Ancrum Moor, on the north-east border, was the scene of a battle between the Scotch and the English in 1545. Ancrum House, in vicinity of the village, is the seat of Sir "William Scott, Bart. , and was a fine old baronial mansion, but suffered such utter destruc- tion by fire in 1873 as to require being rebuilt. Chesters House, on the Teviot, is another fine seat.

ANDERSTON, south-western suburb of Glasgow. It lies averagely about a mile west-south-west of the Eoyal Exchange, is bounded by St. Yincent Street, Macalpine

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Street, the river Clyde, and Finnieston ; extends about 3| furlongs from north to south, and about 5 furlongs from east to west ; embraces an important section of the harbour; contains many factories, foundries, and. other industrial establish- ments, and presents for the most part a dingy appearance, very different from that of adjacent places. It was originally a weavers' village, founded in 1725 ; it became a considerable town, with the status of a burgh of barony ; it was long separated from the outskirts of Glasgow by a wide rural tract, and it was even- tually overtaken and engirt by the city's westward extension, and included in Glas- gow municipal burgh. It has tramway communication with all parts of the city, and it contains several ornamental churches, a number of other churches, and a very large public school. Pop. of Anderston quoad sacra parish, 7273; of registration district, 38,753.

ANDREW (ST.), parish, with Established and Free churches, in New Town of Edin- burgh. Pop. 2963.

ANDREW (ST.), parish, with Established and Free churches, in east of Glasgow. Pop. quoad sacra, 5221.

ANDREWS (ST.), city and parish on east coast of Fife. The city stands at terminus of branch railway, 45 miles north-by-east of Edinburgh ; ranks as a royal and parliamentary burgh, a university town, a nominal seaport, and a fashionable summer resort ; occupies a rocky plateau about 50 feet above sea-level ; overlooks a wide unsheltered expansion of the Eden's estuary, called St. Andrews Bay ; adjoins a large extent of links or downs, famous for the game of golf ; looks landward over a low, flat, fertile country, screened at some miles' distance by gentle hills, and presents a striking appearance as seen at a little distance, and a very suggestive one as seen within its own thoroughfares. It dates from about the Culdee times ; it got its name of St. Andrews from a fiction that some bones of the Apostle Andrew were' brought to it by an ancient ecclesi- astic; it figured long and powerfully as the Canterbury of Scotland ; it was the scene of martyrdoms, commotions, and events of national import in the times of the Reformation ; it figured also in politi- cal matters of the highest consequence at various periods, from that of Robert Bruce till that of James VI. ; it passed eventually into prolonged neglect and decay, till most of its historical splendour became lost in mere ruins and memory, and it underwent such modern revival as has rendered it a pleasant and prosperous resort of literary men, students, wealthy annuitants, and summer residents.

The town comprises regular, well-built thoroughfares, 3 principal old streets, and a number of handsome modern ex- tensions ; includes great public buildings, and grand, picturesque, historical ruins ;

has a head post office with all departments, 4 banking offices, 3 hotels, and a number of boarding and educational estab- lishments, and publishes 2 weekly news- papers. The old town hall has been renovated, and contains curious relics. The new town hall was erected in 1858-59, and is well suited for public assemblies. The Martyrs' Monument was erected in 1842, and is 45 feet high. Trinity Church, erected in 12th century, was the scene of some of John Knox's heaviest blows at Romanism, and underwent repair in 1798. St. Leonard's Church was originally St. Salvator's Chapel, erected in 15th century, and contains a magnificent monument of its founder, Bishop Kennedy. Other churches are Free, United Presbyterian, Congregational, Baptist, and Episcopalian. The University Library was erected in 1764, on the site of a parliament house. St. Mary's College was founded in 1537, forms two sides of a quadrangle, and is used for only the divinity classes. The United College comprises St. Salvator's, founded in 1455, St. Leonard's, founded in 1512, united in 1747 ; forms also two sides of a quadrangle, and is entered by an archway through the basement of a lofty steeple. The number of matriculated students in 1880 was 187. The Madras College, for secondary education, was erected in 1832, comprises an open quad- rangle, and has accommodation for more than 1000 pupils. 4 other schools are in the burgh, and the 5 have aggregately accommodation for 2008 scholars. The Castle was erected towards the end of 14th century, succeeded a previous strong structure of about the beginning of the 13th century, served as both a fortress and a palace, was destroyed in connection with the events of the Reformation, and is now represented chiefly by a tower and part of a wall. The Cathedral was founded in 1162, completed in 1318, and destroyed in 1559, was a cruciform edifice of 370 feet from east to west and 180 feet from north to south, and is now represented by only the east end, half of the west end, and part of the south walls. St. Rule's Chapel is one of the oldest ecclesiastical structures in Scotland, and, though long a ruin, still shows a well- preserved portion of a very small church, with a tower 108 feet high. The Augus- tine Monastery, long one of the grandest in Europe, is now almost entirely extinct. The Dominican Monastery is still represented by a fine fragment of arched roof. St. Andrews unites with 6 other Fife burghs in sending a member to Parliament. A railway to Anstruther was begun to be formed in 1881. Pop. of the parliamen- tary burgh, 6452.

The parish excludes the St. Leonards part of the town, but includes Strath- kinness and Boarhills villages, and it measures 9 miles in length and less than 3 miles in greatest breadth. Acres, 11,482.

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Real property of landward part in 1880-81, £25,250. Pop., quoad civilia, 7829; quoad sacra, 6709. The river and estuary of Eden form the northern boundary ; the coast thence to the city is firm sandy beach, skirted by the famous links, and the coast thence to the southern boundary is mostly rugged and rocky. Much of the interior is low flat land, and the rest is mostly low hill or moor. The seats are numerous. 3 schools, with accom- modation for 395 scholars, serve for the landward parts of both this parish and St. Leonards.

ANDREWS (ST.), parish on east side of Pomona, Orkney. It extends from the eastern boundary of Kirkwall parish to the sea, includes the islands of Copinshay and Kirkholm, and has an area of about 13 square miles. Post town, Kirkwall. Eeal property in 1880-81, £2063. Pop. 1695. The land is mostly flat, but has diversities of surface, and rises nowhere higher than about 350 feet. The coast includes both sandy beach and precipitous rock, and has a large sea cavern. The churches are Established and Free. St. Andrews and Deerness parishes are in some respects united, and they have 3 new public schools for 290 scholars.

ANDREWS-LHANBRYDE (ST.), village and parish in Elginshire. The village stands 4 miles south-east of Elgin, and has a post office, of the name of Lhanbryde, under Elgin. Pop. 294. The parish contains also a small suburb of, Elgin. Acres, 9197. Eeal property in 1880-81, £7894. Pop. 1396. The land is a plain diversified with small hills, and has mostly a sandy but fertile soil. There are 3 schools for 258 scholars.

ANDUNTY, lake in Petty parish, Inver- ness-shire.

ANGELS HILL, eminence, with small cairn and small stone circle, in Iona Island, Argyleshire.

ANGUS, Forfarshire.

ANKER VILLE, village in Nigg parish, Ross-shire.

ANNAN, river, town, and parish in Annandale, Dumfriesshire. The river rises among the Hartfell Mountains, runs about 30 miles southward to the upper part of the Solway Firth ; receives Evan, Moffat, Kinnel, Dryfe, Milk, and Mein waters, and is notable for both the kinds and the qualities of its fish. — The town stands on the river about a mile from the Solway, and on the Glasgow and South-Western and the Solway Junction Railways, 15J miles south-east of Dumfries; ranks as a royal and parliamentary burgh, covers ground which may have been occupied by a Roman station, was an important post of the Romanized Britons and of their successors till the time of William the Lion, made a great figure in the wars of the Succession and in the Border forays, had a grand strong castle of Robert Bruce and military defences of wall and fosse ; is now a well-built town

of modern aspect, has a head post office with all departments, 2 railway stations, 3 banking offices, a chief hotel, a fine town hall of 1878, a new water supply of 1881, a steepled Established church, Free and United Presbyterian churches, Con- gregational, Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic chapels, 2 large public schools, and a mechanics' institute ; and unites with Dumfries, Lochmaben, Sanquhar, and Kirkcudbright in sending a member to Parliament. Real property in 1880-81, exclusive of railways, £10,805. Pop. of parliamentary burgh, 3368. — The parish contains also the village of Annan- Water- foot, and part of the village of Bridekirk, and is 8 miles long. Acres, 10,915. Real property of landward part in 1880-81, £15,801. Pop., quoad civilia, 5516; quoad sacra, 4936. The coast is flat and tame, but the interior is diversified by swells, 3 low parallel ridges, and 3 small hills. The seats are Mount Annan, Warmanbie, and Northfield. The town public schools are the quondam aca- demy and 2 parochial, with about 140 and 29 scholars ; and the landward schools are 2, with accommodation for 302 scholars.

ANNANDALE, basin of river Annan. . It begins with a mountain glen about 5 miles long, forms then the vast hollow of the Deil's Beef-Tub, and is thence to the firth a beautiful, fertile, hill-screened valley, called the How of Annandale, partly from 15 to 18 miles wide. It con- tained strong posts of the Romans ; be- came the property and lordship of the royal Bruces, passed to the Earl of Moray, the Earls of Dunbar, and the Earls of Douglas, and gave the title of earl from 1643, and of marquis from 1701 till 1792, to the Johnstones.

ANNAN-WATERFOOT, port of Annan town, at mouth of Annan river.

ANNAT, place, with public school, in Kilchrenan parish, Argyleshire.

ANNAT, small affluent of the Teith, near Doune, Perthshire. It has numerous cascades.

ANNBANK, town, 5 miles east-by-north of Ayr. It has a post office, with money order department, under Kilmarnock, a railway station, and an Established church. Pop. 1309.

ANNICK, river, running about 14 miles south-westward to the Irvine, near Irvine town, Ayrshire.

ANNICK LODGE, place, with public school, in Irvine parish, Ayrshire.

ANNIESLAND, village in Renfrew parish, Renfrewshire. Pop. 440.

ANNISTON, seat in Inverkeilor parish, Forfarshire.

ANN'S BRIDGE (ST. ), picturesque locality on Kinnel river, 13 miles north-north-east of Dumfries.

ANOCH, place near head of Glenmoris- ton, Inverness-shire.

ANSTRUTHER, seaport town and 2 parishes on south-east coast of Fife.

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The town stands at terminus of the East of Fife Kailway, 23f miles east-north- east of Kirkcaldy ; comprises the royal burgh of Anstruther-Wester, the royal burgh of Anstruther - Easter, and the suburb of Cellardyke, or main part of the royal burgh of Kilrenny ; forms one con- tinuous town, with slender breadth, along the coast ; has a head post office with money order and telegraph departments, 3 banking offices, a town hall of 1872, elaborate harbour works begun in 1866, and costing upwards of £60,000 till 1874, a notable and very ancient Established church, another Established church, Free, United Presbyterian, Evangelical Union, and Baptist churches, a public school with about 340 scholars, and 3 other public schools; figures notably in Dr. Tennant's Anster Fair, and was the birth-place of Maggie Lauder and the Rev. Dr. Chalmers. A railway to St. Andrews was begun to be formed in 1881. The burghs unite with 4 other Fife burghs in sending a member to Parliament. Pop. of Anstruther-Wester, 594 ; of An- struther-Easter, 1349 ; of Kilrenny, 2769. ■ — The parishes are Anstruther-Wester and Anstruther-Easter. Acres, 911 and 25. Real property in 1880-81 of landward part of Anstruther-Wester, £1664. Pop. of all Anstruther-Wester, 683.

ANTERMONY, hamlet and seat in Campsie parish, Stirlingshire.

ANTONINUS' WALL, quondam Roman rampart, from Carriden on Firth of Forth to a point near Old Kilpatrick on the Clyde. It was nearly 36| miles long. It comprised a wall 24 feet thick and 20 feet high, and a north-side fosse 40 feet wide and 20 feet deep. It had 3 forts at each end, and 15 forts at regular in- termediate distances, and it has yielded many interesting relics, but has left very few and slight vestiges in situ.

ANWOTH, village and parish on south- west seaboard of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village stands on the Fleet opposite Gatehouse, and is suburban to that town. Pop. 337. — The parish includes the pen- insula between Fleet Bay and Wigton Bay, and is about miles long. Acres, 11,774. Real property in 1880-81, £6797. Pop. 728. The coast is mostly flat, but partly rocky, and has 2 large caves. The interior is tumulated in the south and centre, and bold and barren in the north. The seats are Cardoness, Ardwall, Kirkclauch, and Rusco. The present parochial church is modern, and contains 400 sittings. The previous church, a barn-like building, was served by the celebrated Samuel Rutherford, and is still standing. A granite obelisk to Ruther- ford's memory was erected in 1842, destroyed by lightning in 1847, and rebuilt in 1851, and makes a conspicuous figure on a neighbouring hill. A United Presby- terian church is in the village, but takes designation from Gatehouse. There are

3 schools for 235 scholars, and one of them, for 70, is new.

APP, stream of Glenapp, Ballantrae parish, Ayrshire. It runs south-westward to Loch Ryan.

APPIN, village and quoad sacra parish in north of Argyleshire. The village stands on a bay of its own name on south- east side of Loch Linnhe, 12 miles north- north-east of Oban, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph depart- ments, under Fort-William. — The parish was constituted in 1868 ; is part of an old parish of Appin, now united to Lismore ; measures about 18 miles by 12, and ex- hibits much diversity and picturesqueness of landscape. Pop. 762. Appin House, on the coast, is a fine mansion. ' A land that was famous of yore, the land of green Appin,' is sung in Hogg's ballad, entitled, 'The Stuarts of Appin.' The churches are Established and Free, and the public school has about 87 scholars.

APPIN, vale on left side of the Tay, near Aberfeldy, Perthshire.

APPIN, hill, with large cairn, in Tynron parish, Dumfriesshire.

APPIN, estate in Dunfermline parish,Fif e. APPLEBY, lake in Glasserton parish, Wigtonshire.

APPLEGROSS, hamlet, vale, and parish on south-west coast of Ross-shire. The hamlet lies on a bay of its own name, 14 miles north-by-west of Kyleakin ; has a post office under Dingwall, an Established church, a Free church, and a public school with about 83 scholars, and had anciently a Culdee cell, followed by a famous Romish church, now represented by a curiously-sculptured small obelisk. The vale lies around the hamlet, and is over- hung by lofty sandstone mountains with grand views. The parish includes Kis- horn, Oroulin, and Ba islands, and measures on the mainland about 20 miles by 20. Real property in 1880-81, £4415. Pop., quoad civilia, 2354; quoad, sacra, 949. The surface, with small exception, is mountainous and bleak. There are 10 schools for 476 scholars, and 8 of them, for 383, are new.

APPLEGARTH,parish, containing Nether- cleugh and Dinwoodie railway stations, in centre of Annandale, Dumfriesshire. Post town, Lockerby. Length, about 6 miles ; greatest breadth, about 5 miles ; area, 11,869 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £11,979. Pop. 969. The river Annan traces all the western boundary, and the Dryfe traverses the interior. More than half of the land is low plain, and the rest is hilly. Jardine Hall, the seat of Sir Alexander Jardine, Bart., is a chief feature ; and Balgray and Hook are other mansions. There are 2 public schools, with about 105 scholars.

APPLETREE HALL, village in Wilton parish, Roxburghshire.

ARASAIG, village and district on south- west coast of Inverness-shire. The village

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stands on north side of Loch-na-Gaul, near the sea, about 30 miles south of Kyleakin ; is regularly called at by steamers, and has a post office, with money order department, under Fort-William, a large inn, an Established mission church, a Free church preaching-station, a Roman Catholic church with 600 sittings, and a Roman Catholic school. The district is bounded on the north by Loch Morar, on the south by Loch Aylort, and is mostly mountainous and sterile.

ARAY, rivulet, running 9 miles south- ward to Loch Fyne, in vicinity of Inverary, Argyleshire. It traverses a romantic glen, and makes 2 fine cascades.

ARBEADIE, village in Banchory-Ternan parish, Kincardineshire. Pop. 302.

ARBIGLAND, seat in Kirkbean parish, Kirkcu dbrightshire.

ARBIRLOT, village and parish on east coast of Forfarshire. The village stands on Elliot rivulet, 3 miles west-south-west of Arbroath, and has a post office under Arbroath. The parish contains also Bon- nington village, and is about 4 miles long. Acres, 6747. Real property in 1880-81, £13,224. Pop. 822. The coast is flat and sandy, and the interior undulates or gradually rises,but is nowhere hilly. Kelly Castle is a chief feature. The churches are Established and Free, and the public school is a new building, for 135 scholars.

ARBORY, conical hill, adjacent to the Clyde, in Lamington parish, Lanarkshire. It rises about 500 feet above the Clyde's level, and has extensive rude antiquities, apparently of the Caledonian times.

ARBROATH, town and parish on east coast of Forfarshire. The town stands at a junction of railways, opposite Bell Rock lighthouse, 16-J miles east-north-east of Dundee ; is a royal and parliamentary burgh, a head port, and a seat of manu- facture ; made a great figure throughout the Middle Ages in connection with a grand abbey, but has figured little in civil history, and is the ' Fairport ' of Sir Walter Scott's Antiquary. It has a head post office with all departments, 5 banking offices, 3 hotels, a town hall, public reading-rooms, a public library, a museum, public baths, an infirmary, 5 Established churches, 5 Free churches, 3 United Presbyterian churches, and Original Secession, Congregational, Evan- gelical Union, Baptist, Wesleyan, and Roman Catholic churches, and a number of public schools and other institutions. It contains some well-built streets and handsome public buildings, and has under- gone much recent improvement, yet shows less attractiveness than many other British towns of its size. Its abbey, though now a fragmentary ruin, is still its most strik- ing feature, was founded in 1178 by William the Lion, stood within a wall- engirt area of 1150 by 706 feet, had a cruciform church measuring 270 feet from east to west and 132 feet from north to

south, and now exhibits in its ruins beautiful blendings of Norman and early pointed architecture. The town hall is a neat edifice of 1806. The market-place was erected in 1856, at a cost of about £5000. The public baths were projected in September 1880. The burgh church in the Romish times disappeared after the Reformation, and remains of it were found in the course of improving the har- bour in 1877. The present burgh church was erected in 1791, acquired an elegant steeple in 1830, and contains 1690 sittings. St. Margaret's Established Church was erected in 1879, at a cost of about £6000, and contains 1000 sittings. Several of the other churches are recent and good. 15 schools, for 3421 scholars, are in the burgh, and 3 of them, for 1660, are new. A public park adjacent to the north- eastern boundary was projected in 1876. The harbour is artificial, and a dock on it was completed in September 1877, cost nearly £40,000, and has an area of 2| acres, a quayage of 1313 feet, and a depth of 17|- feet at ordinary spring tides. The shipping in 1879 comprised 281 British vessels, of 27,409 tons, and 35 foreign vessels, of 5404 tons, inwards ; and 274 British vessels, of 25,836 tons, and 32 foreign vessels, of 4928 tons, outwards. The parliamentary burgh unites with Montrose, Forfar, Brechin, and Bervie in sending a member to Parliament. Real property in 1880-81, exclusive of railways, £79,185. Pop. of parliamentary burgh, 21,758. — The parish includes less than half of the town, the rest of which is in St. Vigeans. Acres, 943. Real property of landward part in 1880-81, £1420. Pop. , quoad civilia, 9466; quoad sacra, 4706. The parts of it and of St. Vigeans outside the burgh are under one board, and have school accommodation for 427 scholars.

ARBROATH AND DUNDEE RAILWAY. See Dundee and Arbroath Railway.

ARBROATH AND FORFAR RAILWAY, railway from Arbroath harbour north- westward and west - north - westward to Guthrie Junction, and westward thence to Forfar. It is 15i miles long, and rises 220 feet ; it was completed in 1839, at a cost of £131,644 ; it became amalgamated with the Aberdeen Railway, and through that with the Caledonian, and the dividend for it was arranged in 1876 to stand at 6 per cent, till 1879, and become permanently 5| in 1880.

ARBROATH AND MONTROSE RAIL- WAY, railway from junction with the North British system at Arbroath north- ward along the coast to Montrose. It was undertaken in 1871, was, with some local exception, not commenced till early part of 1879, was partially opened for goods traffic in October 1880, and cost, till near that time, £219,398. It goes almost due north to Lunan Bay, proceeds thence on the coast all the way to Ferryden, circles thence across the South Esk to back of

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Montrose High Street, sends off a branch, about a mile long, into junction with Montrose and Bervie Kail way, and proceeds about 3 miles north-westward into junction with the Caledonian. Three viaducts are on it near Lunan Bay ; an elaborate cutting, about a mile long, conveys it past Ferryden ; two viaducts, costing about £8000 and £18,000, take it across the two arms of the South Esk; and a plot of 33 acres, re- claimed from Montrose lagoon by means of a lofty sea-wall, fully a mile long, is partly occupied by its Montrose station.

ARBUTHNOT, parish midway between Fordoun and Bervie, Kincardineshire. It has a post office under Fordoun. Its length is 5 miles ; its area 9585 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £9767. Pop. 809. The surface is a very diversified assemblage of vale and hill, and rises nowhere higher than about 650 feet. The mansions are Arbuthnot House and Kair, and the former is the seat of Viscount Arbuthnot. The public school has room for 109 scholars.

ARCHAIG, lake in Glenarchaig, Inver- ness-shire. It measures about 10 miles in length and about f mile in mean breadth, and reaches to vicinity of Great Glen ; it describes, from head to foot, the segment of a circle, it is overhung by lofty peaked mountains, and it has a wooded islet con- taining the burial-place of the Lochiel family.

ARCHERBECK, burn, running to the Liddel, in Canonbie parish, Dumfriesshire.

ARCHERFIELD, seat in Dirleton parish, Haddingtonshire .

ARCHIESTON, village in Knockando parish, Elginshire. It has a post office under Craigellachie. Pop. 375.

ARCLET, gloomy small lake on north- west border of Stirlingshire, between Inversnaid and Loch Katrine.

ARD, lake on south-west verge of Perth- shire, skirted by road from Aberfoyle to Inversnaid. It is divided by a gorge into two lakes, larger and smaller ; it measures about 4 miles in length, and from 3 to 9 furlongs in breadth; it shares much of the grandest mountain scenery of Lochs Katrine and Lomond; it presents views ranging from the beautiful to the sublime ; it contains an islet crowned with a ruined castle of Murdoch, Duke of Albany ; and it has on its shores a number of ornate residences.

ARDALANISH, headland near south- west extremity of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ARDALLIE, quoad sacra parish in north- east of Aberdeenshire. It comprises parts of Cruden, Ellon, Longside, and Old Deer. It has a public school with about 130 scholars, and its post town is Mintlaw. Pop. 1258.

ARDARGIE, estate, with well-preserved small Roman camp, in Forgandenny parish, Perthshire.

ARDARUNAR, headland on west coast of North Uist, Outer Hebrides.

ARDAVASAR. See Ardvarsae.

ARDBEG, headland, forming west horn of Rothesay Bay, Bute Island.

ARDBLAIR, lake and old seat in Blair- gowrie parish, Perthshire.

ARDCARNICH, place, 5| miles south- south-east of Ullapool, Ross-shire.

ARDCHADUILL, promontory in Loch- broom parish, Ross-shire.

ARDCHATTAN, parish in Lorn district, Argyleshire. It is bisected by Loch Etive, comprises Ardchattan proper on the north, and Muckairn on the south, includes Eriska and Duirnish Islands, is traversed by the Callander and Oban Railway, and its post town is Taynuilt, under Oban. It measures more than 40 miles in length and about 10 miles in mean breadth. Real property in 1880-81, £15,191. Pop., quoad civilia, 2001 ; quoad sacra, 1386. — Ardchattan proper is remarkably mountainous, and consists very largely of rugged alpine masses, and great wastes of moor and moss, yet includes charming varieties of fertile plain, pleasant valley, and wooded hill. Muckairn contains some lofty ground, yet is comparatively low. Ardchattan Priory, on Loch Etive, 4 miles north-west of Taynuilt, was founded in 1231, is notable for a national council held in it by Robert Bruce, had a cruciform church with central tower, and has left some interesting re- mains. Ardchattan House, originally the prior's residence, is now a modernized massive mansion. Other seats are Loch- nell, Barcaldine, Inverawe, and Drimvuick, and a notable antiquity is the alleged vestige of the Dalriadan city Berigonium. The churches are 2 Established and 2 Free, and the public schools are 4, with about 279 scholars

ARDCHULLARIE. See Ardhullary.

ARDCLACH, hamlet and parish in Nairn- shire. The hamlet lies on Findhorn river, 9 miles south-south-east of Nairn, and has a post office under Forres. The parish measures about 11 miles by 1\. Real property in 1880-81, £6812. Pop. 1117. The surface is sub-alpine, but includes low tracts on the Findhorn. Coulmony House is the only mansion ; and a sculptured obelisk, similar to the Forres pillar, is the chief antiquity. The churches are Estab- lished and Free. There are 4 schools for 233 scholars, and one of them, for 50, is new.

ARDEER, town, with extensive iron- works, suburban to Stevenston, Ayrshire. Pop. included in Stevenston.

ARDELISTER, islets in Kildalton parish, Islay, Argyleshire.

ARDELVE, hamlet in Lochbroom parish, Ross-shire. It has a post office under Lochalsh, and a public school.

ARDEN, suburb of Airdrie, Lanarkshire. Pop. 294.

ARDEN, seat of Sir James Lumsden, on Loch Lomond, 1\ miles north-north-west of Dumbarton.

ARDENADAM, village on Holy Loch, near Dunoon, Argyleshire.

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ARDENCONNEL, seat in Eow parish, Dumbartonshire.

ARDENTINNY, village on Loch Long, 5 miles north of Strone, Argyleshire. It has a post office under Greenock, a hotel, and a quoad sacra parish church for a pop. of 203 ; and it figures in a well-known song of Tannahill.

ARDENTRIVE, bay in Kerrera Island, opposite Oban, Argyleshire. Measures were projected in 1880 for erecting on it villas or a village, building a pier, and instituting a steam ferry to Oban.

ARDEONAIG, village on Loch Tay, 8^ miles north-east of Killin, Perthshire. It has an inn, a Free church, and a public school.

ARDERSIER, parish on Moray Firth and Highland Railway, in north-east corner of Inverness - shire. It contains Fort- George and most of Campbelton village, and has a post office of its own name, with money order and telegraph depart- ments, under Fort-George Station. Acres, 3824. Real property in 1880-81, £4424. Pop. 2086. The shore is flat and sandy, and the interior rises, with various cha- racter, to a border hill about 200 feet high. The churches are Established, Free, and United Presbyterian ; and there are 2 public schools with about 293 scholars.

ARDFERN, hamlet on upper part of Loch Craignish, Argyleshire. It has a post office under Lochgilphead.

ARDFINAIG, place at south-western ex- tremity of Mull, opposite Iona, Argyleshire.

ARDGARTEN, small low peninsula, with mansion, between Glencroe and Loch Long, Argyleshire.

ARDGAY, village, adjacent to Highland Railway, on northern verge of Ross-shire, near Bonar Bridge. It has a head post office with all departments, a commodious inn, and a public school.

ARDGOUR, district in Argyleshire, and quoad sacra parish, partly also in Inverness- shire. The district is a peninsula between Loch Eil and Loch Shiel, measures about 13 miles by 11, contains Ardgour House near Corran Ferry, and has a post office of its own name, with money order and tele- graph departments, under Fort-William. The parish is called Ballachulish and Ard- gour. Pop. 749.

ARDGOWAN, seat of Sir Michael R. S. Stewart, Bart., near Innerkip, Renfrew- shire.

ARDGREENAN, seat in Tongland parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARDHULLARY, seat and two mountains on east side of Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire.

ARDINCAPLE, a seat of Sir James Colquhoun, Bart., formerly jointure-house of the Dowager-Duchess of Argyle, adja- cent to Gareloch, in vicinity of Helens- burgh, Dumbartonshire.

ARDINCAPLE, seat on Seil Island, Argyleshire.

ARDINNING, small lake in Strathblane parish, Stirlingshire.

ARDKENNETH, place, with Roman Catholic chapel, in northern part of South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

ARDKINGLASS, seat and vestiges of ancient castle on upper part of Loch Fyne, near foot of Glenkinglass, Argyle- shire.

ARDLAIR, place on north side, near foot of Loch Maree, Ross-shire.

ARDLAMONT, headland, seat, and public school between Kyles of Bute and mouth of Loch Fyne, Argyleshire.

ARDLE, rivulet of Strathardle, running 13 miles south - south - eastward to the Ericht, in Perthshire.

ARDLER, railway station, 18J miles north-east of Perth.

ARDLISH, seat on east side of upper part of Loch Lomond.

ARDLUI, steamboat station, seat, and public school, at head of Loch Lomond.

ARDLUSSA, seat and streamlet in J ura Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMADDY, a seat of the Earl of Breadalbane on the coast, 10 miles south- south-west of Oban, Argyleshire.

ARDMARNOCH, seat on Loch Fyne, in Kilfinan parish, Argyleshire.

ARDMATTY, fort on east side, upper part of Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

ARDMEANACH, large, broad - backed, hilly peninsula between Cromarty Firth and Moray Firth, Ross-shire.

ARDMELLIE, seat in Marnoch parish, Banffshire.

ARDMICHAEL, headland on west coast of South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

ARDMIDDLE, hill, and hamlet with public school, in west of Turriff parish, Aberdeenshire.

ARDMILE, headland on west coast of South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

ARDMILLAN, seat, 1\ miles south-south- west of Girvan, Ayrshire.

ARDMINISH, bay and headland on east side of Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMORE, wooded peninsula, with seat, on Firth of Clyde, between Dumbarton and Helensburgh.

ARDMORE, bay, headland, and islets on east side of Islay Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMORE, headland and bay at northern extremity of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMORE, headland in Vaternish dis- trict, Isle of Skye.

ARDMORE, harbour in Eddertoun parish, Ross-shire.

ARDMUCKNISH, bay on north side of Loch Etive, immediately within that loch's mouth, Argyleshire.

ARDNAC ALLIO CH, promontory at east end of Ulva, Argyleshire.

ARDNACROSS, bay and estate, 6 miles north-east of Campbelton, Argyleshire.

ARDNAMURCHAN, hamlet, headland, and district, Argyleshire, and parish, partly also in Inverness-shire. The ham- let lies on the coast, 7 miles by water north-north-west of Tobermory, and has a post office, with money order department,

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under Fort-William, a parochial church with 600 sittings, and a Free church. The headland faces the Atlantic with salient point, 4J miles north-west of the hamlet ; exhibits a broad, bold, rugged appearance ; forms the most westerly ground on main- land of Scotland ; and is crowned with a lighthouse showing a fixed light visible at the distance of 18 nautical miles. The district is a peninsula, extending eastward from the headland; measures about 16 miles in length and about 4J miles in mean breadth ; consists chiefly of very diversified hills, rising nowhere higher than 1759 feet ; and includes considerable skirts and inter- spersions of good arable land. The parish comprises also Sunart district in Argyle- shire, and Moidart, Arasaig, and South Morar districts, together with Shona Island, in Inverness-shire. Its extreme length, by any road, is about 70 miles, its extreme breadth about 40 miles, Real property in 1880-81 of the Argyleshire part, £10,372; of the Inverness-shire part,£9512. Pop. of the whole, quoad civilia, 4091 ; quoad sacra, 2234. There are 9 schools for 506 scholars, and 5 of them, for 249, are new.

ARDNEIL, sea cliff at south-west ex- tremity of West Kilbride parish, Ayr- shire.

ARDNISH, headland at south-west end of Coll Island, Argyleshire.

ARDNOE, headland at mouth of Loch Crinan, Argyleshire.

ARDO, seat near the Dee in Banchory- Devenick parish, Kincardineshire.

ARDOCH, parish, containing Braco and Greenloaning villages, Perthshire. Acres, 22,127. Pop. 1102. The surface adjoins the watershed between Strathallan and Strathearn, and is drained by the Knaik to Allan river. Ardoch House, and a Roman camp within that mansion's grounds, are chief features. The Roman camp is the best preserved and most notable in Great Britain ; has been the subject of much controversy as to its connection or non-connection with the battle of 'Mons Grampus,' comprises 3 oblongs of 420 by 375, of 1060 by 900, and of 2850 by 1590 feet ; underwent consider- able damage by the formation of General Wade's military roads, yet retains distinct features of its original conformation, and possesses additional interest in the exist- ence, for miles around it, of remains or traces of Caledonian forts or entrench- ments. The churches are Established, Free, and United Presbyterian ; and there are 3 public schools for 215 scholars.

ARDQYNE, hill in Oyne parish, Aber- deenshire.

ARDPATRICK, headland, seat, and hamlet at south-western extremity of Knapdale, Argyleshire. The hamlet has a post office, with money order department, under Greenock.

ARDRISHAIG, seaport town at entrance of Crinan Canal, 2 miles south-south-west

of Lochgilphead, Argyleshire. It prospers in connection with the canal traffic and the herring fishery, and it has a post office, with all departments, under Lochgilphead, a hotel, a quoad sacra parish church, a Free church, an Episcopalian church, and a public school with about 160 scholars. Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 1210.

ARDROSS, seat and post office, 4^ miles north of Alness, Ross-shire. The seat is modern and castellated, and the post office is under Alness.

ARDROSS, ruined baronial fortalice on the coast near Elie, Fife. < ARDROSSAN, town and parish on north side of Ayr Bay, Ayrshire. The town is a police burgh, a head port, and a watering- place ; stands on a branch of Glasgow and South- Western Railway, 31J miles south- west of Glasgow; includes a small low promontory, long the site of ancient hamlet, baronial castle, and parochial church; was itself founded in 1806, with design of being the chief out-port of Glasgow; suffered such defeat of that design as caused it to struggle slowly toward importance ; consists of spacious, well-built streets, a fine crescent, and numerous villas ; contains the Earl of Eglinton's seaside seat of the Pavilion ; commands delightful views across the waters of the Firth of Clyde ; is so near Saltcoats as to render that town almost conjoint with it; and has a head post office with all departments, a railway station, 3 banking offices, 3 hotels, 2 Established churches, Free, United Presbyterian, Congregational, and Episco- palian churches, and 2 public schools. The harbour is artificial, was constructed at enormous cost, and affords facile steam- boat communication with Arran and Ireland. The arrivals at the port in 1879 were 3748 British vessels, of 396,905 tons, and 54 foreign vessels of 13,308 tons ; the departures, 3630 British vessels, of 389,872 tons, and 56 foreign vessels, of 14,515 tons. Pop. 3960. — The parish includes also the larger part of Saltcoats, and measures about 6 miles by 3f . Acres, 6668. Real property in 1880-81, £39,905. Pop., quoad civilia, 7754 ; quoad sacra, 3656. Most of the land is low, with generally light, fertile soil, and that in the north- west is hilly, culminating at 706 feet above sea-level. There are 4 schools for 1245 scholars, and 2 of them, for 1000, are new.

ARDROSSAN (NEW), quoad sacra parish in Ardrossan parish, Ayrshire. It was constituted in 1851, and its church stands in the town, and was built as a chapel-of- ease in 1844. Pop. 4022.

ARDSHIEL, seat near junction of Loch Leven and Loch Linnhe, north verge of Argyleshire.

ARDSKINISH, headland at south- western extremity of Colonsay Island, Argyleshire.

ARDSTINCHAR, old castle near Ballan- trae, Ayrshire.

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ARDTALNAIG, place, with public school, in Kenmore parish, Perthshire.

ARDTEALLA, bay in Kildalton parish, lsl ay Island, Argyleshire.

ARDTOE, headland and bay on north coast of Ardnamurchan district, Argyle- shire.

ARDTORNISH. See Artornish.

ARDTUN, basaltic headland at mouth of Loch Scriden, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ARDUTHIE, part of Stonehaven, Kin- cardineshire.

ARDVAR, small harbour in Assynt parish, Sutherland.

ARDVARSAR, bay, headland, and ham- let on Sleat Sound, Isle of Skye. The hamlet has a post office under Broadford.

ARDVERIKIE, ruined seat on west side of Loch Laggan, Inverness-shire. It was built as a hunting-lodge in 1840, by the Marquis of Abercorn ; was occupied, along with temporary erections, in the autumn of 1847, by the royal family and their household ; passed to Sir John Ramsden, and was destroyed by fire in 1874.

ARDVOIRLICH, seat on south side of Loch Earn, Perthshire. It is the Darlin- varoch of Sir Walter Scott's Legend of Montrose.

ARDVOIRLICH, small bay on west side, near head of Loch Lomond.

ARDVRACK, ruined ancient castle on Loch Assynt, Sutherland. It belonged to the Macleods, and was the place of the Marquis of Montrose's durance after his capture in 1650.

ARDVRECKNISH, shooting - lodge of Earl of Breadalbane, on Loch Tolla, Glenorchy, Argyleshire.

ARDWAL, island in Borgue parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARDWALL, seat in Anwoth parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARDWELL, bay, headland, village, and seat in Stoneykirk parish, Wigtonshire. The village has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Stranraer.

AREEMING, estate in Kirkpatrick- Durham parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARGYLE, district in mainland of Argyle- shire. It is separated from Lorn by Lochs Awe, Avich, and Melfort ; from Cowal by Loch Fyne ; from Knapdale by Loch Gilp and the Crinan Canal. Its name signifies ' The Land of the Gael.'

ARGYLE'S BOWLING GREEN, group of mountains overhanging Loch Long, from Glencroe to Loch Goil, on east border of Argyleshire. The mountains culminate in a summit 2497 feet high ; they are all lofty, precipitous, and rugged ; they ex- hibit a wild, savage, impressive aspect ; they are so fissured and curved over flank and crown as to seem, in the distance, like a mass of statuary, and they figure superbly on the horizon of multitudes of views on upper parts of the Firth of Clyde.

ARGYLESHIRE, maritime county in south-west of Scotland. It extends about

115 miles southward from boundary with Inverness-shire to the North Channel opposite Ireland, and includes Tyree, Mull, Jura, Islay, and 46 other inhabited islands. Its greatest breadth on the mainland is 55 miles, but to the extremity of the islands is 85 miles ; its coast line, both from in- tersection of its mainland by sea-lochs and from inclusion of the islands, is pro- portionately enormous ; and its land area is 3255 square miles. Part of its main- land lies north of Loch Linnhe, and com- prises the districts of Locheil. Ardgour, Sun- art, Ardnamurchan, and Morvern ; and the rest is divided into the districts of Lorn, Argyle, Cowal, Knapdale, and Kintyre. The islands comprehend all the Southern Hebrides of modern times, but not all of ancient times, and form the Mull group, with Tyree and Coll in the north, and the group of Jura and Islay, with Colonsay and Gigha, in the south. Most of the mainland, and most of Mull and Jura, are grandly mountainous, and very much of the former is intermixture of alpine heights, bleak moors, deep glens, long sea-lochs, and ex- tensive lakes. A large proportion of the whole, both continental and insular, displays much force and picturesqueness of scenery. A number of the mountain peaks rise to altitudes of more than 3000 feet, and many more are not much lower. The chief sea-lochs are Eil, Leven, Linnhe, Sunart, Etive, Craignish, Swein, Killis- port, Tarbert, Fyne, Long, Striven, Riddan, Tua, Na-Keal, Scriden, and Indal. The principal lakes are Shiel on the northern boundary, Awe between Lorn and Argyle, and Eck in Cowal. The chief streams are the Orchy entering Loch Awe, and the Awe leaving that lake ; but lesser streams are very numerous, and many of them interesting. The rocks are prin- cipally granite, quartz, mica slate, and trap, but include, at Ballachulish and Easdale, plentiful and famous roofing slate. The ground capable of cultivation lies chiefly along the coast, and amounts to about one-eighth of the entire land area. A large portion of the property belongs to the Duke of Argyle and the Earl of Breadalbane. The distillation of whisky, carried on at Campbelton and in Islay, is the chief manufacture. The towns are Inverary, Campbelton, Dunoon, Oban, Lochgilphead, Ardrishaig, Tarbert, and Ballachulish ; and only 7 other seats of population have each more than 300 inhabitants. The chief antiquities are Caledonian stone circles, Scandinavian duns, the castles of Dunstaffnage, Dunolly, Mingarry, Artornish, Kilchurn, Skipnish, Dunoon, and Carrick, and the ecclesias- tical ruins of Iona, Oronsay, Ardchattan, Kilmun, and Kintyre. Pop. in 1S71, 75,679 ; in 1881, 76,440. Real property in 1879-80, exclusive of canals, £499,736.

ARGYLE STONE, mountain, 2939 feet high, 3 miles south-east of Alvie church, Inverness-shire.

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ARICHONAN, lofty hill in North Knap- dale parish, Argyleshire.

ARICLINY, lake in Kildonan parish, Sutherland.

ARIENAS, lake in Morvern parish, Argyleshire.

ARINACRUMACHD, place, with public school, in Applecross parish, Ross-shire.

ARINANGOUR, seaport village in Coll Island, Argyleshire.

ARISAIG. See Akasaig.

ARITY, burn in Inverarity parish, Forfarshire.

ARKAIG. See Archaig.

ARKENDEITH, ruined old fortalice in Avoch parish, Ross-shire.

ARKLE, isolated tapering mountain, 2578 feet high, in Edderachyllis parish, Sutherland.

ARKLET. See Arclet.

ARLERY, seat near Milnathort, Kinross- shire.

ARMADALE, town, 2J miles west of Bathgate, Linlithgowshire. It was scarcely even a hamlet till within a recent period ; it became a town and has prospered in connection with mineral industries ; and it has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Bathgate, a railway station, Established and Free churches, Wesley an and Episcopalian chapels, and a public school with about 215 scholars. Pop. 2642.

ARMADALE, rivulet, bay, fishing village, and headland in Farr parish, Sutherland. The rivulet is short, but important. The bay receives the rivulet, lies between Strathy head and Armadale headland, and is one of the safest landing-places on the north coast. The village stands on the bay, 20 miles west-south-west of Thurso, and has a post office under Thurso, and a small public school.

ARMADALE, seat of Lord Macdonald on south-east coast of Skye Island, 7 miles north-east of Sleat point. It is a castellated edifice of 1815, and has well -wooded grounds.

ARMANDAVE, acclivitous mountain, on west side of Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire.

ARMIT, affluent of Gala water, at 5 miles north- north - west of Stow, Edinburgh- shire.

ARNAGE, railway station and seat, 3|- miles north-north-west of Ellon, Aberdeen- shire.

ARNAL, rivulet in Barvas parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

ARNATE, head -stream of the Ardle, Perthshire.

ARNBARROW, hill in Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

ARNCROACH, hamlet in Carnbee parish, Fife. It has a post office under Pitten- weem, a Free church, and a public school.

ARNDEAN, seat, 2 miles east-north-east of Dollar, Clackmannanshire.

ARNDILLY, seat on the Spey, in Boharm parish, Banffshire.

ARNGASK, parish in the counties of

Kinross, Fife, and Perth. It contains Damhead village, with post office under Kinross. Acres of the Kinross part, 1801 ; of the Fife part, 1834 ; of the Perth part, 2815. Real property in 1880-81, £1897, £2379, £2506. Pop. 129, 219, and 199. The surface includes hills of the Ochils, and is richly diversified. The church contains 380 sittings, and the public school has accommodation for 150 scholars.

ARNGIBBON, seat and glen, about 2§ miles east of Bucklyvie, Stirlingshire.

ARNGOMERY, seat near Kippen, Stirlingshire.

ARNHALL, hamlet in Fettercairn parish, Kincardineshire.

ARNIFOUL, village in Glammis parish, Forfarshire.

ARNISDALE, village in Glenelg parish, Inverness-shire.

ARNISH, point in Loch Stornoway, Lewis, Outer Hebrides. A lighthouse is on it, with revolving light, visible at the distance of 12 nautical miles.

ARNISH, bay on west side of Raasay Island, Inverness-shire.

ARNISORT, sea -loch and hamlet in north-west of Skye Island, Inverness-shire. The sea-loch is a branch of Loch Snizort, and the hamlet has a post office under Portree.

ARNISTON, seat of the Dundas family on the South Esk, 13 miles south-south- east of Edinburgh.

ARNISTON COLLIERY, village in Cock- pen parish, Edinburghshire.

ARNPRIOR, village in Perthshire section of Kippen parish.

ARNSHEEN, quoad sacra parish in Colmonell parish, Ayrshire. Its post town is Girvan. Pop. 1059.

ARNTULLY, village and estate, 8 miles north of Perth.

AROS, village, bay, and ruined old castle, on east coast of Mull Island, Argyleshire. The village stands on the bay 9 miles south-south-east of Tobermory, and has a post office, with telegraph, under Oban, and an inn. The bay, though small, is screened by lofty cliffs, streaked with cascades. The old castle crowns one of the cliffs, was a residence of the Lords of the Isles, and is now a mere lofty fragment.

ARRADOUL, place, with Episcopalian chapel, in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

ARRAN, island in south of Buteshire. It lies in the Firth of Clyde, 6| miles south-west of the nearest part of Bute, 4f miles east of the nearest part of Kin- tyre, and 10|- west of the nearest part of Ayrshire. Its length, from north-by-west to south-by-east, is 20^ miles ; its mean breadth is about 6|- miles ; and its area is 105,436 acres. Its northern half is chiefly a mass of rugged mountains, with altitudes up to 2874 feet, embosoming many deep ravines and glens. Its southern half is principally undulated, rolling, and hilly, with many summits of greater altitude than 500 feet, and with much diversity of

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intervening vale and plain. Its coast is mostly a narrow strip of low ground, over- hung by mountain or hill, and traversed all round by a good public road. Its aggregate character exhibits vast diversity, force, and wealth of landscape, and possesses more interest for geologists and naturalists than any other tract of equal extent in Great Britain. Most of it be- longs to the Duke of Hamilton. Brodick Castle, near the middle of the east coast, is a seat of the duke ; and Lamlash Bay, about 6 miles south of that seat, is a road- stead famous for both capacity and safety. Brodick and Lamlash villages are the largest seats of population, and draw many summer visitors. Pop. of the island, 4745.

ARROCHAR, village and parish in north of Dumbartonshire. The village stands on east side, near head of Loch Long, 17£ miles north of Helensburgh ; is a terminus of steam communication on the Upper Clyde, and a resort of tourists and summer visitors ; is engirt by very grand, striking scenery ; and has a post office, with money order department, under Dumbarton, an excellent hotel, an Established church of 1847, a Free church, and a public school with about 60 scholars. —The parish con- tains also the village of Tarbet, and is about 15 miles long. Acres, 25,858. Real property in 1880-81, £5291. Pop. 517. The surface extends about 3 miles along Loch Long, and nearly 14 miles along Loch Lomond ; is bordered along all the west by Argyleshire, and all the north by Perthshire; displays rich, diversified High- land scenery, and is so full of mountain and moor as to comprise only about 400 acres of arable land.

ARTARIG, fort on east side, near head of Loch Striven, Argyleshire.

ARTHURLEE, several localities at and near Barrhead, Renfrewshire. Cross- Arthurlee is a suburb, and was the place of the earliest bieachfield in Scotland. West Arthurlee is a neighbouring village. South Arthurlee is noted for the erec- tion of an extensive printfield in 1835. Arthurlee estate belonged anciently to a branch of the noble family of Darnley, but underwent division among several pro- prietors, acquired several mansions, and became a populous seat of manufacturing industry. Arthurlee House, one of the mansions, is a handsome modern edifice. An ancient cross-shaft stands near that mansion, and was reinstated on its original site there in 1872.

ARTHUR'S OVEN, famous quondam Roman antiquity, on a site near Carron ironworks, Stirlingshire. It was an edifice in form resembling a bee-hive, and measured 88 feet in circumference, but was destroyed in 1743.

ARTHUR'S SEAT, conspicuous hill in Queen's Park, contiguous to Edinburgh. It ascends from a base about f mile long ; culminates in a conical summit 822 feet

above sea-level; presents to the west a precipitous face, with shoulder and skirt outlined like a lion couchant, and com- mands from its summit an exquisite panoramic view.

ARTHUR'S SEAT, rock on north side of Dunbarrow Hill, in Dunnichen parish, Forfarshire.

ARTHUR'S STONE, ancient standing stone and modern seat in Coupar-Angus parish, Perthshire.

ARTORNISH, ruined ancient castle on coast of Morvern parish, Argyleshire. It was a great stronghold of the Lords of the Isles, and a meeting-place of their national councils ; is graphically described as restored by his imagination in Sir Walter Scott's Lord of the Isles, and consists now of little else than remains of a tower and fragments of outworks.

ASCAI6, lake in Kildonan parish, Sutherland.

ASCOG, bay, village, lake, and estate on easb side of Bute Island, Buteshire. The bay is about LJ miles south-east of Rothe- say. The village is chiefly a long chain of villas and ornate cottages, and has a post office under Rothesay, and a Free church. The lake lies adjacent, and has an area of 75£ acres. The estate, with mansion, was sold in 1876 for £39,420.

ASCRIB, island in Duirnish parish, Skye, Inverness-shire.

ASHARE, section of Edderachyllis par- ish, Sutherland.

ASHBURN, seat in Innerkip parish, Renfrewshire.

ASHDALE, rivulet with two cascades, and glen with grand scenery, in southern extremity of Arran Island, Buteshire.

ASHDOW, waterfall on west border of Killearn parish, Stirlingshire.

ASHFIELD, place, with public school, in North Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

ASHGROVE. seat and small lake in Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire.

ASHIESTIEL, seat on the Tweed, 71 miles north-west of Selkirk. It was Sir Walter Scott's residence, the place where he wrote a number of his works, during the ten years prior to his removal to Abbots- ford.

ASHINTULLY, seat in Kirkmichael parish, Perthshire.

ASHKIRK, village in Roxburghshire, and parish partly also in Selkirkshire. The village stands on Ale river, 6 miles north -north-west of Hawick, and has a post office under Hawick, a parochial church, a Free church, and a public school with about 100 scholars. The parish comprises 8339 acres in Roxburghshire, and 3369 in Selkirkshire. Real property in 1880-81, £5163 and £2738. Pop. 362 and 138. The surface includes pieces of level land on the Ale, but is elsewhere all hilly. There are 2 schools, with accommo- dation for 174 scholars.

ASHLEY, seat in Batho parish, Edin- burghshire.

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ASHLEY, lake in Dores parish, Inver- ness-shire.

ASHTON, southern part of Gourock, Renfrewshire. It extends south-westward along the coast, opposite Kirn and Dunoon, and consists chiefly of villas and neat two- storey houses, principally on a narrow belt of low ground, but partly on steep, overhanging braes.

ASKADIL, headland on north-west of Ardnamurchan peninsula, Argyleshire.

ASKAIG (PORT). See Port-Askaig.

ASLEISK, ruined old baronial f ortalice, 5 miles east of Forres, Elginshire.

ASSEL, burn, entering Stinchar river, Ayrshire.

ASSLEED, affluent of the Ythan, between New Deer and Methlick parishes, Aberdeen- shire.

ASSYNT, parish in extreme south-west of Sutherland. It contains Lochinver village, and has a post office of its own name under Lairg. Its length is 20 miles, its greatest breadth 11 miles. Eeal property in 1880-81, £6649. Pop. , quoad civilia, 2776 ; quoad sacra, 1390. The coast includes all the peninsula terminating in Store Point, and goes thence to south side of head of Kyle-Scow ; and the shore for the most part is rocky, bold, and dangerous. Old- ney Island, and numerous islets and in- sulated rocks, lie adjacent. The interior is one of the most rugged tracts in Scot- land, and may be described as mainly an assemblage of towering mountains, rocky hills, wild crags, and deep ravines, with interspersion of lakes and numerous lakelets and tarns. Quinag, Suilven, Canisp, and Benmore-Assynt are chief mountains, and the last has an altitude of 3281 feet. Loch Assynt is the chief lake, measures 6f miles in length, and about 1 mile in extreme breadth ; has intricate shores and a winding contour, and is flanked and overhung by diversified crags and mountains. Several caves and some natural arches are on the coast, and some caves are in the interior. Clachtoll dun, Ardyrack ruined castle, and Calda ruined mansion are the chief antiquities. The churches are 2 Established and 2 Free. There are 8 schools for 539 scholars, and 4 of them, for 330, are new.

ASTOUNE, old f ortalice in Alford parish, Aberdeenshire.

ATHELSTANEFORD, village and parish in north-west of Haddingtonshire. The village stands 3 miles north-north-east of Haddington, adjoins the scene of an early battle between the Scotch and the English, and has a post office under Drem, a modern church with about 500 sittings, remains of a church of the 12th century, and a public school for 161 scholars. — The parish con- tains also Drem village, and comprises 5077 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £11,724. Pop. 762. The surface touches the north base of the Garleton Hills, and has considerable inequalities. Gilmerton, the seat of Sir David Kinloch, Bart., is a

chief feature, and a ruined strong man- sion of the Earls of Winton is a chief antiquity.

ATHOLE, district in extreme north of Perthshire. It comprises an area of about 450 square miles ; includes a prominent portion of the Central Grampians, and an extensive deer forest ; exhibits features of alpine height, deep glen, rushing stream, large lake, and massive wood, eminently picturesque ; gives the titles of earl, mar- quis, and duke to a branch of the family of Murray, and contains the duke's chief seat, Blair Castle.

AUCHABER, seat in Forgue parish,

AUCHANAULT, place, 22J miles west of Dingwall, Ross-shire. It has a post office designated of Ross-shire, and a railway station.

AUCHANS, seat in Dundonald parish, Ayrshire.

AUCHENAIRN, village, 3 miles north-by- east of Glasgow. It has a public school with about 170 scholars. Pop. 634.

AUCHENBATHIE, ruined ancient castle, once the property of Sir William Wallace, 4^ miles east-south-east of Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire.

AUCHENBLAE, village, 5| miles north- north-east of Laurencekirk, Kincardine- shire. It has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Fordoun, a banking office, a hotel, a town hall, and a public school.

AUCHENCAIRN, bay, village, and quoad sacra parish in Kirkcudbrightshire. The bay opens at 7 miles east of Kirkcudbright ; is about 2| miles long and 1 mile wide ; has Heston Isle across its mouth, causing it to look like a lake ; and possesses both harbour for small craft and shelter for vessels of bur- den.— The village stands at the bay's head, is a sea-bathing resort, and has beautiful environs, a post office, with monej^ order department, under Castle-Douglas, 2 inns, Established and Free churches, and mixed and infant public schools, with about 173 and 157 scholars. Pop. 441. — The quoad sacra parish is part of Rerrick, and was constituted prior to 1870. Pop. 1037.

AUCHENCRUIVE, seat and railway station in St. Quivox parish, near Ayr.

AUCHENDAVY, hamlet on site of a fort of Antoninus' Wall, 2 miles east of Kirk- intilloch, Dumbartonshire.

AUCHENDRANE, seat of Sir Peter Coats, and quondam castle, the scene of Sir Walter Scott's Ayrshire Tragedy, on left bank of the Doon, near the Ayr and Girvan Railway, Ayrshire.

AUCHENDRYNE, suburb of Castleton- Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Pop. 269.

AUCHENGEAN, hamlet in Falkirk parish, Stirlingshire. It has a public school with about 84 scholars.

AUCHENGELLOCH, wild tract, notable for conventicles of the Covenanters, in Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

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AUCHENGOOL, estate inRerrick parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

AUCHENGRAY, place, 5f miles north of Carstairs Junction, Lanarkshire. It has a post office under Lanark, arid a railwaj' station.

AUCHENHEATH, village, miles south of Larkhall, Lanarkshire. It has a railway station, and a public school with about 152 scholars. Pop. 612.

AUCHENLOCH, small village in Cadder parish, Lanarkshire.

AUCHENREOCH, seat in Strickathrow parish, Forfarshire.

AUCHENREOCH, lake in Urr parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

AUCHENROATH, seat near Rothes village, Elginshire.

AUCHENSAUGH, hill, 2^ miles south of Douglas, Lanarkshire. It was the scene of a notable swearing of Solemn League and Covenant by a body of Cameronians.

AUCHENTORLIE, seat, near Paisley, Renfrewshire.

AUCHENTORLIE, seat and vestiges of ancient hill-fort, in Old Kilpatrick parish, Dumbartonshire.

AUCHERNACH, seat in Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

AUCHINBLAE. See Auchenblae.

AUCHINCASS, ruined ancient castle on Evan river, near Beattock, Dumfries- shire.

AUCHINCHEW, cliff-walled amphi- theatre, vale, and cascades, on south coast of Arran Island, Buteshire.

AUCHINCLOACH, burn, and lands with traditions of the battle of 1645, in Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

AUCHINCLOICH, hamlet in Ochiltree parish, Ayrshire. It has a post office under Kilmarnock.

AUCHINCRAW, village, 3 miles north- north-west of Chirnside, Berwickshire. It has a post office under Ayton.

AUCHINDACHY, railway station, 3£ miles south-west of Keith, Banffshire.

AUCHINDINNY, village on the North Esk, with railway station, 8 miles by road, but 12 by railway, south of Edinburgh. Pop. 405.

AUCHINDOIR, parish, averagely 7 miles nurth-west of Alford, Aberdeenshire. It contains Lumsden village, with post office under Aberdeen, and it measures about 7 miles in both length and breadth. Acres, 15,310. Real property in 1880-81, £6405. Pop. 1514. The surface includes part of Buck of Cabrach Mountain ; comprises hill-ridges of very various height, and intervening vales of very various width ; and is traversed by Bogie river. The seats are Clova, Craig, and Druminnor; and the chief antiquity is the ruin of an ancient church with Saxon doorway. The churches are Established, 2 Free, United Presbyterian, and Episcopalian, and there are 2 public schools for 200 scholars.

AUCHINDUNE, ruined old castle in Mortlach parish, Banffshire.

AUCHINFLOWER, place, with public school, in Ballantrae parish, Ayrshire.

AU CHINGR AMONT, suburb of Hamil- ton, Lanarkshire. It has a United Presby- terian church.

AU CHINH ALRIG, village in Bellie parish, Banffshire.

AUCHINLECK,— vulgarly AFFLECK,— town and parish in east of Kyle district, Ayrshire. The town stands on Lugar water, 13f miles south-south-east of Kil- marnock, and has a post office, with money order department, under Cumnock ; a rail- way station, a parochial church, a United Original Secession church, and a public school with about 303 scholars. Pop. 1528. — The parish contains also the villages of Common - Dyke, Cronberry, and Dern- conner, most of the town of Lugar, and small part of the town of Cumnock. Its length is 16 miles, its mean breadth not more than 2. Acres, 24,129. Real property in 1880-81, £31,330. Pop. 6681. The eastern section is hilly and wild, and includes some lofty summits ; the western section, low, fertile, and embellished ; and the middle section is of medium character. About one-third of the entire area is in tillage. Auchinleck House, 3 miles west of the town, was erected by the judge Lord Auchinleck, father of the biographer of Dr. Johnson. A ruined baronial fortalice, the residence of the early Bos- wells from the time of James IV., stands in that mansion's neighbourhood, and remains of another old fortalice are in the eastern district. There are 6 schools for 1248 scholars, and 1 of them and an enlargement for 250 are new.

AUCHINLECK, lofty hill, 4 miles west of Queensberry, Dumfriesshire.

AUCHINLILLY, cascade on the Carron, west of Denny, Stirlingshire.

AUCHINLOCHAN, village in Kilfinan parish, Argyleshire. Pop. 340.

AUCHINMULLY, village in east side of Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

AU CHINR AITH, village in Blantyre parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 687.

AUCHINSTARRY, seat in Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

AUCHINSTARRY, village in Cumber- nauld parish, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 626.

AU CHINTIBBER, village in Blantyre parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 435.

AUCHINTOUL, seat in Marnock parish, Banffshire.

AUCHIRIES, hamlet in Cruden parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a public school with about 167 scholars.

AUCHLEE, estate, with two well-pre- served ancient Caledonian stone circles, in Banchoi-y-Devenick parish, Kincardine- shire.

AUCHLEEKS, hamlet and seat in Blair - Athole parish, Perthshire. The hamlet has a post office under Blair- Athole.

AUCHLEVEN, village in Premnay parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under Insch.

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AUCHLOCHAN, seat near Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire.

AUCHLOSSEN, lake in Lumphanan and Aboyne parishes, Aberdeenshire.

AUCHLUNIES, seat in Maryculter parish, Kincardineshire.

AUCHLUNKART, seat in Boharm parish, Banffshire.

AUCHMEDDEN, estate, with public school, and with reach of bold coast, in Aberdour parish, Aberdeenshire.

AUCHMILL, town, with large quarries of fine granite, 3 miles north-west of Aberdeen. It has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Aberdeen. Pop. 1319.

AUCHMILLAN, village, 2 miles north of Mauchline, Ayrshire.

AUCHMITHIE, fishing village, Z\ miles north-east of Arbroath, Forfarshire. It has a post office under Arbroath, a chapel-of- ease, and an ingenious water supply pro- vided in 1880. A range of bold cliffs pierced with caves is contiguous, and figures as the scene of the escape of Sir Arthur and Miss "Wardour in Sir Walter Scott's Antiquary. A large quantity of old coins and metal tokens was discovered in the neighbouring beach in 1877. Pop. of the village, 359.

AUCHMORE, a seat of the Earl of Breadalbane, at the head of Loch Tay, Perthshire.

AUCHMORE, place, with public school, in Lochalsh parish, Ross-shire.

AUCHMUTY, hamlet in Markinch parish, Fife.

AUCHNACARRY. See Achnacaeey.

AUCHNACRAIG. See Achnaceaig.

AUCHNAGATT, place, 7J miles north of Ellon, Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under Ellon, and a railway station.

AUCHNASHEEN, place, 28f miles west of Dingwall, Ross-shire. It has a post office, designated Auchnasheen, Ross-shire ; a railway station, and a hotel.

AUCHNASHELLACH, place, 1SJ miles south-west of Auchnasheen, Ross-shire. It has a post office under Lochcarron, and a railway station.

AUCHRY, seat in Monquhitter parish, Aberdeenshire.

AUCHTERARDER, town and parish in south-east of Perthshire. The town stands about a mile from a railway station of its own name, 14 miles south-west of Perth ; dates from ancient times, and was once a royal burgh ; passed through long declension and much disaster, but eventually became a prosperous seat of manufacture ; figured in the first and not the least of the church conflicts which led to the Disruption of 1843 ; comprises a main street upwards of a mile long, and has a head post office with all departments, 2 banking offices, 2 hotels, a towered town-hall of 1872, Established, Free, United Presbyterian, and Evangelical Union churches, and 2 public schools. Pop. 2666. — The parish contains also Aberuthven, Smith yhaugh,

and Borland-Park villages, and mea- sures nearly 8 miles in length and about 3 miles in breadth. Acres, 11,181. Real property in 1880-81, £19,452. Pop. 3648. The northern section undulates or de- clines to the river Earn, and is nearly all arable ; and the southern section rises toward the summit line of the Ochil Hills. Chief seats are Auchterarder Castle and Auchterarder House ; and a chief antiquity is the fragment of a strong castle of Malcolm Canmore. There are 5 schools for 671 scholars, and2of them,for 360,are new.

AUCHTERDERRAN, parish, containing most of Lochgelly town, and part of Cardenden village, in south-west of Fife. It measures about 5 miles by 3, and com- prises 7818 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £19,295. Pop., quoad civilia, 4332; quoad sacra, 1747. The surface is beautified by Lochgelly Lake, and about 500 acres of wood, and includes variously flat ground, valley, and hill. The churches are Established, Free, and United Presby- terian. There are 3 public schools for 1067 scholars, and 1 of them and an enlargement for 510 are new.

AUCHTERGAVEN,— vulgarly OCHTER- GAEN, — village and parish in Strathtay district, Perthshire. The village stands about 3 miles north-west of Stanley rail- way station, and 9 north-north-west of Perth, and is a straggling place. The parish contains also the post office village of Bankfoot, the villages of Cairniehill and Waterloo, and most of the post office village of Stanley. Its length is 10 miles ; its mean breadth is about 3 miles; and its area is 12,941 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £15,048. Pop. 2195. The surface rises from the Tay, up Strathardie, to the summit of a low range of the Grampians, and consists chiefly of swelling knolls and sloping ridges. The seats are Stanley House, Airleywight, and Tullybelton. The poet Nicol was a native, and sang the beauties of the landscape in his ' Bonnie Ordie Braes.' The churches are the parochial, with nearly 1200 sittings, 2 Free, and a United Presbyterian. There are 2 public schools for 550 scholars, and 1 of them and an enlargement for 450 are new.

AUCHTERHOUSE, village and parish on south-west border of Forfarshire. The village stands 7 miles by road, but much farther by railway, north-west of Dundee, and has a post office, with telegraph, under Dundee, and a railway station. The parish measures about 4£ by 3| miles, and com- prises 5708 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £10,366. Pop. 661. The sur- face rises from the narrow vale of Dighty water, northward to summits of the Sidlaw Hills, is diversified by undulating heights, and becomes steep and precipitous in the north. The chief residences are Auchter- house and Balbouchly, the former an old seat of the Earl of Airlie ; and the chief antiquity is the fragment of a strong baronial fortalice, said to have been visited

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by Sir William Wallace. There are 2 public schools, male and female, with about 77 and 53 scholars.

AUCHTERLESS, hamlet and parish on north-west border of Aberdeenshire. The hamlet lies 6 miles south-by-west of Turriff, and has a post office, with telegraph, under Turriff, and a railway station. The parish contains also the village of Gordonstown, and is about 8 miles long. Acres, 16,826. Keal property in 1879-80, £14,772. Pop., quoad civilia, 2144; quoad sacra, 1948. The surface comprises the upper part of the Ythan's basin, all north-eastward from a line within about a mile from that river's source. Chief antiquities are traces of a Eoman camp, and remains of numerous ancient Caledonian stone circles. The churches are Established and Free. There are 4 schools, with accommodation for 365

SCA°UCHTERMAIRNIE, seat in Kennoway parish, Fife.

AUCHTERMUCHTY, town and parish on north-west border of Fife. The town stands adjacent to the Kinross and Perth Railway, 4f miles west of Ladybank Junction ; dates from ancient times, and was once a royal burgh ; figures in the humorous poem ascribed to James v., and entitled, ' The Wife of Auchtermuchty ; ' comprises streets and lanes of irregular construction ; has a head post office with all departments, a railway station, 2 bank- ing offices, 2 chief inns, a public hall, an Established church,, a Free church, 2 United Presbyterian churches, and 2 public schools. Pop. 1673. — The parish contains also most of Dunshelt village. Acres, 3530. Real property in 1880-81, £8498. Pop. 4332. The limits include a portion of the rich strath of the Eden, and a portion of the Ochil Hills. The seats areMyres Castle, Bellevue, and Southfield. There are 5 schools for 498 scholars, and 1 of them, for 70, is new.

AUCHTERNEED, small village at head of Strathpeffer, and skirt of Benwyvis, Ross-shire.

AUCHTERTOOL, village and parish in south-west of Fife. The village stands 2f miles east of Cowdenbeath railway station, and 4| west of Kirkcaldy, and has a post office under Kirkcaldy. Pop., with New- bigging, about 240. — The parish comprises 2738 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £7789. Pop. 706. The Cullalo Hills, with very steep acclivity, are in the west ; and a deep, narrow ravine, with cascade, is in the east. Other chief features are Camilla Loch, and ruined Hallyards House. There are 2 schools for 169 scholars.

AUCHTERTYRE, village in Newtyle parish, Forfarshire.

AUCHTON, hamlet in Balquhidder parish, Perthshire.

AUCHTYFARDLE, seat near Lesmaha- gow, Lanarkshire.

AUCHVISH, place, with public school, in South Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

AUGMUND'S HOW, ruined ancient fort on Elsness promontory, Sanday Island, Orkney.

AUGUSTUS(FORT). See Fort-Augustus.

AULDBAR, railway station, and modern- ized ancient castle, 5 miles east-north-east of Forfar.

AULD DAVIE, head-stream of the Ythan, Aberdeenshire.

AULDEARN, village and parish in north- east of Nairnshire. The village stands 2£ miles south-east of Nairn, dates from remote times, and has a post office under Nairn. Pop. 363. — The parish measures about 7 miles by 5, and comprises 14,035 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £10,082. Pop. 1292. The surface skirts the Moray Firth, is low, yet diversified for 3 miles thence, and rises afterwards into con- siderable hills. The battle of 1645, between the Marquis of Montrose and General Hurry, was fought in the vicinity of the village. The seats are Boath and Lethen ; and the chief antiquities are the old fortalice of Inshoch Castle, vestiges of Moyness Castle, and remains of 2 ancient Caledonian stone circles. The churches are Established, Free, and United Presby- terian ; and the public schools are 2, with about 123 scholars.

AULDFIELD. See POLLOCKSHAWS.

AULDGIRTH, place on the Nith, near Glasgow and South-Western Railway, 8 miles north-north-west of Dumfries. It has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Dumfries, a railway station, an inn, and a bridge.

AULDHOUSE, burn, entering the White Cart at Pollockshaws, Renfrewshire.

AULDNACHUIRN, burn, entering the Lossie in Dallas parish, Elginshire.

AULDWICK, dismantled ancient baro- nial stronghold, on coast of Wick parish, Caithness.

AULD WIFE'S LIFT, cromlech, 18 feet long and 11 feet broad, in Baldernock parish, Stirlingshire.

AULTDINNY, burn in Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

AULTGRANDE, small river, entering Cromarty Firth about 10 miles north-east of Dingwall, Ross-shire. It issues from Loch Glass, runs about 7 miles north-east- ward, traverses a profound long chasm, and makes a series of cascades.

AULTGUISH, rivulet, traversing moun- tain forest of Rinsky, to north-west side of Loch Ness, nearly opposite the Falls of Foyers, Inverness-shire. It makes one leap of at least 100 feet, and is elsewhere a continuous cataract.

AULTKOLLIE, deep tortuous ravine in Loth parish, Sutherland.

AULTNACAILLICH, birth-place of the famous Gaelic poet Donn, in Durness parish, Sutherland.

AULTNAHARRA. See Altnaharea.

AULTNANCOORACH, affluent of the Aultgrande, Ross-shire.

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AULTROY, burn in Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

AULTSIGH, rivulet, issuing from tarn on a shoulder of Mealfourvounie Mountain, and descending in cataracts and leaps to north-west side of Loch Ness, Inverness- shire.

AUQUHIRIE, seat in Dunnottar parish, Kincardineshire.

AUSDALE, hamlet, 4 miles south-west of Berriedale, Caithness ; and rivulet passing that hamlet and leaping into the sea over a lofty cliff.

AUSKERRY, small island, 2| miles south of Stronsay, Orkney. A lighthouse is on it, with fixed light visible at the distance of 16 nautical miles. Pop. 8.

AVEN, lake and river in south-west extremity of Banffshire. The lake has an elevation of about 1800 feet above sea-level, and is immediately overhung by Cairngorm Mountains. The river issues from the lake, traverses for some distance an alpine glen, and runs altogether about 30 miles, chiefly northward, to the Spey at Ballin- dalloch.

AVICH, lake and stream in Dalavich old parish, Argyleshire. The lake com- mences 4 miles east of head of Loch Melfort ; measures about 3| miles in length and 7 furlongs in width; has fine ornature of outline, banks, and islets ; and is associated with 2 notable old Celtic poems. The stream issues from the lake, and runs about 2 miles to Loch Awe.

AVIEMORE, place, adjacent to Highland Railway, llf miles north-east of Kingussie, Inverness-shire. It has a station on the railway, and a post office designated of Inverness-shire, with money order and telegraph departments.

AVOCH, fishing town and parish in Ardmeanach district, Ross-shire. The town stands on a small bay of its own name, If mile south-west of Fortrose, and has pleasant environs, a post office, with money order department, under Inverness, an inn, a good pier, Established, Free, and Congregational churches, and a public school with about 105 scholars. Pop. 905.— The parish is about 4 miles long and 2| miles broad. Real property in 1880-81, £7395. Pop. 1691. The surface is partly a gentle slope, partly a diversity of hill and dale, partly a portion of the Mullbuy. The seats are Avoch House and Rosehaugh ; and the antiquities are the ruined fortalice of Arkendeith, and the site of Avoch Castle, which belonged to successively the Earls of Ross and the Crown. There are 3 schools for 382 scholars, and 1 of them, for 160, is new.

AVOCHY, seat near Huntly, Aberdeen- shire.

AVON, river, running about 18 miles eastward and north-eastward, partly be- tween Stirlingshire and Linlithgowshire, to Firth of Forth, at 2^ miles west of Borrowstounness.

AVON, river, running about 16 miles

north-eastward and 5^ north-westward to the Clyde, in vicinity of Hamilton, Lanark- shire. It traverses first a moorish tract, next a beautiful diversified lowland tract, next a richly romantic dell. AVONBANK, seat near Larkhall, Lan-

AVONBRIDGE, village on the Avon, 3£ miles west - south - west of Slamannan, Stirlingshire. It has a railway station and a United Presbyterian church.

AVONDALE, parish, containing Strath- aven town, on west border of Lanarkshire. Its length is about 14 miles, its breadth about 8 miles, its area 37,533 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £39,948. Pop., quoad civilia, 5466 ; quoad sacra, 3216. The area is pretty equally bisected by the Avon, and the lands comprise flat tracts on that river, rising grounds from both sides of these flats, and moorish eminences and mosses in the west. Several mansions are near Strathavon, and the ruined famous castle of Avondale is in it. There are

2 Established churches, a Free church,

3 United Presbyterian churches, and 6 schools for 855 scholars.

AVONDHU, head- stream of the river Forth.

AVONHEAD, village in New Monkland parish, Lanarkshire. It has a public school, with about 130 scholars. Pop. 435.

AVONHOLM, seat in Glassforcl parish, Lanarkshire.

AVONSUIDH, a seat of the Earl of Dun- more, in Harris, Outer Hebrides.

AVONTON, seat near Linlithgow.

AWE, small lake, 3 miles south of head of Loch Assynt, Sutherland. It lies among massive mountains, and contains wooded islets.

AWE, lake, river, and pass in central part of mainland of Argyleshire. The lake extends 24 miles north-north-east- ward to base of Bencruachan, has a mean breadth of not more than a mile, but ex- pands towards the foot to a mean breadth of about 2 miles ; forms there 2 off- sets or horns, the one receiving the river Orchy, the other discharging the river Awe ; exhibits great variety of scenery, passing from plainness at the head to gor- geous grandeur at the foot ; looks, in its broadest parts, to be remarkably small, as compared with the magnitude and loftiness of the mountains overhanging it ; has everywhere, but especially toward the foot, much intricacy and ornature of shore line ; possesses much diversity and wealth of trout-fishing, all open to the public ; began, in the summer of 1876, to be tra- versed by a screw-steamer, in communica- tion with public conveyances to its shores ; is now crossed near its foot by the Callan- der and Oban Railway, sweeping round to the gorge of Awe river; and has at its foot a railway station, a steamboat pier, and a new hotel. — The river leaves the lake in calm current, enters a narrow, deep, stupendous gorge, traverses there a

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wildly broken, rocky bottom, and goes 4 miles north-westward, mostly in tumultu- ous rush, to Loch Etive at Buna we. — The pass occurs in the river's gorge ; is flanked at one part by a precipice 1308 feet high ; was formerly traversable there only by an almost mural ascent, commanded at the top by a fortalice, but is now facilitated by a bridge ; and was the scene of an exploit by Sir William "Wallace, and a skirmish between King Eobert Bruce and Macdougal of Lorn.

AYLORT, sea-loch, between Moydart and Arasaig districts, Inverness-shire. _ It is 4 miles wide at the mouth, divides into 2 parts, Loch Aylort proper on the south, Loch-na-Nua on the north, and has a total length from west to east of 9 miles.

AYR, river, bay, and headlands in Ayr- shire. The river rises on the eastern border of the widest part of the county ; traverses, first, bleak moors and hill pas- tures, next, an ornate plain, next, a low narrow dell ; is subject to such freshets as make it, in Burns' phrase, 'just one long lengthened tumbling sea ; ' and runs alto- gether about 33 miles westward to Ayr bay at Ayr town. — The bay is a lateral expansion of the Firth of Clyde ; has a land-line in nearly the form of a segment of a circle, with prevailingly low shores ; and measures 20 miles oouth-south-east- ward from Fairlie Head to Ayr Heads, and nearly 7 miles in mean breadth. — The headland, or Ayr Heads, are rocky, pre- cipitous projections from the skirt of Brown Carrick Hill, and have a height of about 200 feet.

AYR, town and parish on coast of Ayr- shire. The town stands at mouth of Ayr river, and is bisected by it into nearly equal parts; comprises, on the left side, Ayr proper, on the right side, Newton- upon-Ayr, Wallacetown, and Content ; forms, nevertheless, one strictly compact town ; commands charming views around the bay and across to Arran ; ranks as a royal and parliamentary burgh, a seat of county and judiciary courts, and a head port ; consists partly of handsome square and streets, partly of neat but plain thoroughfares, partly of poor or antiquated quarters ; includes a new suburb, com- pleted to the extent of about 60 cottages in May 1880 ; carries on a variety and large aggregate of manufacture and com- merce ; publishes 3 newspapers ; and has a head post office with all departments, 2 railway stations, 7 banking offices, 5 hotels, several ornamental public build- ings, 3 Established churches, 4 Free churches, 2 United Presbyterian churches, Original Secession, Congregational, Evan- gelical Union, Episcopalian, Methodist, Moravian, and Roman Catholic churches, and a number of educational and miscel- laneous institutions. The Town Buildings and Assembly Booms, at corner of High Street and Sandgate, are an elegant edifice,

with tower and spire 226 feet high. The Municipal Court-rooms and Public Hall, contiguous to those buildings, were com- pleted in September 1881, at a cost of about £30,000 ; and the hall in them has accommodation for about 1500 persons. The County Buildings, in Wellington Square, are on the model of an ancient temple in Rome, and cost upwards of £30,000. Wallace Tower, in High Street, is a Gothic structure of 1830, with a statue of Wallace in its front, and with the

1 dungeon clock ' removed to it from an old demolished steeple. The ' Twa Brigs ' of Burns' dialogue stand within 500 yards of each other ; and the new one showed signs of giving way in January 1877, and was replaced by a five-arched structure, at a cost of £16,300. One of the Established churches is a cruciform edifice of the 17th century, and was erected in lieu of a very ancient one which Cromwell environed with a large fort, and converted into an armoury. The new Academy was opened in September 1880, cost about £8000, and has accommodation for about 550 scholars.

2 new public schools were erected in 1875, at a cost of £8672, and have accom- modation for 1000 scholars ; and a new industrial school was erected in 1876, at a cost of £5500. A new hospital, measuring 240 by 120 feet, was founded in 1881. The harbour was formerly shallow and inconvenient, but underwent great im- provement and extension in 1874-78, at a cost of about £200,000. A new dock was then formed, measuring 650 feet by 400, comprising 7i acres of water area, rising in its quay walls 33 feet from foundation to coping, and having a water depth on the sill of 22 feet at high water of spring- tides. Three hydraulic hoists also were then erected, at a further cost of £9700. A new slip dock and a fine esplanade were contracted for in May 1880, to cost £13,036. The shipping in the year 1879 comprised 2392 British vessels, of 251,303 tons, and 16 foreign vessels, of 4665 tons, inward ; and 2367 British vessels, of 236,858 tons, and 15 foreign vessels, of 4480 tons, out- ward. The parliamentary burgh unites with Irvine, Campbelton, Inverary, and Oban in sending a member to Parliament. Real property in 1880-81, £94,078. Pop. 20,987.

The parish includes the royal burgh, extends from the xiver Ayr to the river Doon, and measures about 5| miles by 4. Acres, 6935. Real property of landward part in 1880-81, £17,204. Pop. of the whole, quoad civilia, 10,086 ; quoad sacra, 9582. The western section is low, flat, and fertile ; but the eastern section rises gradually to the boundary, and is com- paratively unproductive. The chief seats are Castlehill, Rozelle, Newark, Cambus- doon, Doonholm, Bellisle, and Mount Charles. The parochial charge is double ; and there is a church at Alloway. The burgh has 17 schools, with accom-

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modation for about 4226 scholars, and Alloway has 1 with accommodation for 148.

AYR ROAD, railway station, 1^ miles south-east of Larkhall, Lanarkshire.

AYRSHIRE, maritime county on east side of Firth of Clyde, bounded inland by Renfrewshire, Lanarkshire, Dumfriesshire, Kirkcudbrightshire, and Wigtonshire. Its length, from north to south, is 60 miles ; its breadth varies from a few miles to 30 ; and its area is 1149 square miles. Its form is proximately that of a half-moon, with the concavity to the west, but curved much more in the north than in the south. Its natural features and popular nomenclature divide it into Cunningham, north of the river Irvine ; Kyle, between the river Irvine and the river Doon ; and Carrick, south of the river Doon. Custom also sub-divides Kyle, by the river Ayr, into Kyle Stewart and King's Kyle. Cunningham and Kyle are mostly low country, with low coast, but have interior diversities and a hilly border ; and Carrick, though containing considerable aggregate of arable land, is largely occupied by the western end of the Southern Highlands, and consists mostly of a broken assemblage of hill, moor, and mountain. A large proportion of the entire county, together with the flanking reaches of Firth of Clyde and the mountains on the western horizon, forms one con- tinuous landscape, as seen from thousands of vantage-grounds within its own limits. The chief rivers, besides the Irvine, the Ayr, and the Doon, are the Garnock, the Girvan, and the Stinchar; and the chief lake is Doon. Sandstone, limestone, coal, and ironstone abound, and are extensively worked. The soils range from rich loam to barren moor, or from best to worst, but may be characterized as sandy on the coast, clayey in the interior low tracts, and heathy or mossy on the uplands. Agri- culture in all departments, but specially in the dairy husbandry, is skilful and flourishing. Principal industries are iron- working, engine - making, coal - mining, woollen manufacture, cotton manufacture, and pottery work. The chief towns are Ayr and Kilmarnock ; the other towns, with each more than 3000 inhabitants, are Ardrossan, Beith, Dairy, Galston, Girvan, Hurl- ford, Irvine, Kilbirnie, Kilwinning, May- bole, Saltcoats, Stevenston, and Stewar- ton ; the others, with each more than 2000 inhabitants, are Catrine, Cumnock, Largs, Muirkirk, Newmilns, and Troon ; the others, with each more than 1000 inhabi- tants, are Annbank, Auchinleck, Bank- head, Burnfoothill, Dalmellington, Darvel, Eglinton, Kilmaurs, Lugar, Mauchline, "Waterside, and West Kilbride ; and the villages, with each more than 300 in- habitants, amount to 48. Ayrshire belonged anciently to the Damnii and the Novantes ; passed to successively the Romans, the Cambrians, and the North- umbrians ; was the scene of many of

"Wallace's and Bruce's conflicts with the English ; and figured prominently in the sufferings and struggles of the Covenanters. It contains many monuments of all times, from the Caledonian downward, and is noted for the abbey ruins of Kilwinning and Crossraguel. It is now divided ad- ministratively into the districts of Ayr and Kilmarnock, and representatively into the divisions of north and south, each division sending a member to Parliament. Real property in 1880-81, £1,085,710. Pop. in 1871, 200,809 ; in 1881, 217,504.

AYTON, village and parish on coast of Berwickshire. The village stands on Eye water, 21 miles south-east of Dunbar, and has a head post office with all departments, a railway station, 2 banking offices, 3 inns, a fine parochial church of 1865, 2 United Presbyterian churches, and 2 public schools with about 233 scholars. Pop. 771. — The parish con- tains also part of Burnmouth vil- lage, and small part of Eyemouth town, and measures about 4^ miles by 3^. Acres, 6699. Real property in 1880-81, £15,897. _ Pop. 2040. The coast is rocky and precipitous ; the southern part of the interior is hilly, and the northern part is undulating. The seats are Ayton Castle, Gunsgreen, Netherbyres, Prenderguest, Peelwalls, and Whiterig ; and the first of them stands near the village, was rebuilt in 1851, and occupies the site of an ancient fortalice which figured in the Border war- fare. A public school is at Burnmouth.

BA, island in Applecross parish, Ross- shire.

BA, lake and rivulet in Torosay parish, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

BA, hill in Drumblade parish, Aberdeen- shire.

BAADS, estate in West Calder parish, Edinburghshire.

BAADS, battlefield in 960, between the Scots and the Danes, near Cullen, Banff- shire.

BABERTNESS, headland, 6 miles east- by-south of St. Andrews, Fife.

BABERTON, seat in Currie parish, Edin- burghshire. It is said to have belonged to James VI., and it was occupied for some time by Charles x. of France.

BABYLON, quondam Owenite establish- ment, near Bellshill, Lanarkshire. It cost about £48,000, and went to utter ruin.

BACHBEG and BACHMORE, two of the Treshinish isles, near north-west coast of Mull, Argyleshire.

BACK, village in Stornoway parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides. It has a post office under Stornoway, and a Free church. Pop. 582.

BACKBURN, place, with public school, in Beith parish, Ayrshire.

BACKIES, village and ruined Pictish tower in Golspie parish, Sutherland. The village has a public school, with about 64 scholars.

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BACKIES, hunting-lodge in Glenbucket parish, Aberdeenshire.

BACKLESS, hill in Watten parish, Caith- ness.

BACKMUIR, village in Liff parish, south- west border of Forfarshire.

BACKMUIR, village in Largo parish, Fife.

BACKWATER, hamlet, and affluent of the Isla, in Lintrathen parish, Forfarshire. The hamlet has a public school.

BADCALL, rivulet, bay, and hamlet, in Edderachyllis parish, Sutherland. The rivulet receives the outflow of a chain of small trouting lakes, and runs 6 miles westward to the bay ; the bay extends about 1^ mile to the sea, and is sheltered at its mouth by a group of islets ; and the hamlet lies at the bay's head, and has the parochial church, and a public school with about 69 scholars.

BADDAGYIE, lake in Coigach district, Cromartyshire.

BADEN, lake in upper part of Kildonan parish, Sutherland.

BADENOCH, district in south-east of Inverness-shire. It comprises the basin of the Spey, from the sources of that river to vicinity of Upper Craigellachie ; measures about 35 miles in length and 28 miles in breadth ; is bounded on one side by sum- mits of the Central Gi-ampians, on the other side by the summits of the Monadhleadh Mountains ; and, excepting tracts adjacent to the river, exhibits everywhere a wildly Highland character. It belonged anciently to the Comyns, and passed, in the time of Robert n., to the ' Wolf of Badenoch,' the Earl of Buchan.

BADENSCOTH, village in Auchterless parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under Aberdeen, a banking office, and 2 public schools, male and female, with about 79 and 76 scholars.

BADENTOY, place, with public school, in Banchory-Devenick parish, Kincardine- shire.

BADENYON, quondam old castle, cele- brated in the song of ' John o' Badeny on, ' in Glenbucket parish, Aberdeenshire.

BAH. See Ba.

BAHIA, sea-loch in north-east of Barra Island, Outer Hebrides.

BAIDLAND, hill in Dairy parish, Ayr- shire.

BAIKIE, quondam noble castle in Airlie parish, Forfarshire.

BAILEUR, place on south-east side, near mouth of Loch Killisport, Argyleshire.

BAILLIESTON, town and quoad sacra parish in the north of Lanarkshire. The town stands 6f miles east of Glasgow, and has a post office under Glasgow, a railway station, and Established, Free, United Presbyterian, and Episcopalian churches. Pop. 2927. The quoad sacra parish bears the alternative name of Crosshill. Pop. 3477.

BAINSFORD, suburb of Falkirk, Stirling- shire. It stands on the Forth and Clyde

canal, about a mile north of Falkirk proper ; connects, in street continuity, with Grahamstown ; and has a Free church of 1880, and industrial connection with Carron ironworks.

BALADO, railway station, 3 miles east of Crook of Devon, Kinross-shire.

BALAKLAVA, village a little west of Johnstone, Renfrewshire. It was founded in 1856 in connection with ironstone mines.

BALALLAN, village in Lochs parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 535.

BALAS, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.

BALBARDIE, seat and lake near Bath- gate, Linlithgowshire.

BALBEGGIE, village, miles north-east of Perth. It has a post office under Perth, a United Presbyterian church, and a public school with about 51 scholars.

BALBEGNO, castle of 1509, near Fetter- cairn, Kincardineshire.

BALBEUCHLY, estate in Auchterhouse parish, Forfarshire.

BALBIRNIE, village and seat near Mark- inch, Fife. The village is called Balbirnie Mills.

BALBIRNIE, village in Ruthven parish, Forfarshire.

BALBITHAN, old seat inKeithhall parish, Aberdeenshire. It figures in the history of the Marquis of Montrose, and in that of the fugitives from Culloden field.

BALBLAIR, place in Kilmorack parish, Inverness-shire. It has a public school with about 105 scholars.

BALBLAIR, place in Fodderty parish, Ross-shire.

BALBLAIR, lofty terrace, about a mile west of Nairn. It was the camping-place of the royal army on the eve of the battle of Culloden.

BALBROGIE, village in Coupar-Angus parish, Perthshire.

BALBUNNOCK, village in Longf organ parish, Perthshire.

BALCARRES, seat of Sir Coutts T. Lindsay, Bart., in Kilconquhar parish, Fife. It is a renovated Tudor edifice, and it belonged to the ancestors of the Earl of Crawford, and gives him the titles of baron and earl.

BALCARRY, seat and headland in Rerrick parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BALCASKIE, seat of Sir Robert An- struther, Bart., 2 miles north-west of Pittenweem, Fife.

BALCASTLE, hamlet in Slamannan parish, Stirlingshire.

BALCASTLE, ancient Caledonian fort, near Kilsyth, Stirlingshire.

BALCHRISTIE, seat on site of ancient Culdee cell, near Colinsburgh, Fife.

BALCLADDICH, bay, 6£ miles north- west of Lochinver, Sutherland.

BALCLUTHA,place mentioned in Ossian, supposed to be Dumbarton rock or castle.

BALCOMIE, quondam seat of the Earls of Kellie, near Crail, Fife. It was once- very large, but became curtailed into a j farmhouse.

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BALCONY, castellated mansion, formerly a seat of the Earls of Ross, near Evanton, Ross-shire.

BALCRUVIE, ruined ancient castle in Largo parish, Fife.

BALCURVIE, village in Markinch parish, Fife. It has a public school with about 83 scholars.

BALDERNOCK, parish on south border of Stirlingshire, averagely 1\ miles north of Glasgow. Post town, Glasgow. Acres, 4322. Real property in 1880-81, £3868. Pop. 569. The surface rises from the river Kelvin to the skirt of Campsie Fells, and comprises successively alluvial flat, swelling knolls, and moorish hill. The minerals include coal, lime, ironstone, fire- clay, pyrites, and alum-ore ; and an in- teresting antiquity is the large cromlech, called Auld Wife's Lift. The churches are Established and Free. The public school has accommodation for 105 scholars.

BALDOON, estate, with ruined castle, \\ miles south- south-west of "Wigton. The castle was the scene of the incident which suggested to Sir Walter Scott the tragic end of his Bride of Lammermoor .

BALDOVAN, village, with railway sta- tion, 7f miles north-north- west of Dundee. Baldovan House is the seat of Sir John Ogilvie, Bart.

BALDOVIE, hamlet and seat near Kirrie- muir, Forfarshire. The hamlet has a post office under Dundee.

BALDOWRIE, seat on south-west border of Forfarshire, near Coupar- Angus.

BALDRAGON, railway station, 8f miles north-north-west of Dundee.

BALDRIDGE, estate and suburb on north- west side of Dunfermline, Fife. The suburb has a public school with about 240 scliolctrs

BALERNO, village on Water of Leith, 7 miles south-west of Edinburgh. It has a post office, with money order department, under Currie, a railway station, a United Presbyterian church, and a public school with about 112 scholars. Pop. 474.

BALFIELD, hamlet in Lethnot parish, Forfarshire.

BALFOUR, remnant of castle built by Cardinal Beaton, in Kingoldrum parish, Forfarshire.

BALFOUR, seat on the Leven, in Mark- inch parish, Fife.

BALFOUR, seat near Kincardine O'Neil, Aberdeenshire.

BALFOUR, hamlet and splendid modern mansion in Shapinshay Island, Orkney. The hamlet has a post office under Kirk- wall.

BALFRISHEL, village in Boleskine parish, Inverness-shire.

BALFRON, town and parish in Strath- endrick district, Stirlingshire. The town stands on Endrick river, 1\ mile east of a railway station of its own name, 19f miles west-south-west of Stirling ; is a neat modern seat of manufacture, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph

departments, under Glasgow, a banking office, a parochial church, a United Pres- byterian church, and a public school with about 147 scholars. Pop. 970. — The parish contains also Holm of Balfron hamlet, and is about 11 miles long and 3 miles broad. Acres, 7820. Real property in 1880-81, £7767. Pop. 1327. The surface includes a fine tract of 6 miles along the Endrick, and rises thence northward to Balgair Moor. There are a Free church for Kill- earn and Balfron, a United Presbyterian church at Holm of Balfron, and 2 public schools for 288 scholars.

BALGAIR, estate in Balfron parish, Stirlingshire.

BALGARVIE, seat in Monimail parish, Fife.

B ALGA VIES, seat and lake near Auld- bar railway station, Forfarshire.

BALGAY, wooded hill, with public park, in north-western outskirts of Dundee.

BALGEDDIE, hamlet in Portmoak parish, Kinross-shire. It has a United Presby- terian church.

BALGIE, rivulet in Applecross parish, Ross-shire.

BALGLASS, estate in Killearn parisb, Stirlingshire. An ancient fortalice on it is believed to have been a retreat of Sir William Wallace.

BALGONAR, seat in Saline parish, Fife.

BALGONE, seat of Sir George Suttie, Bart., in North Berwick parish, Hadding- tonshire.

BALGONIE, or MILTON OF BALGONIE,

quoad sacra parish with village on river Leven, 2 miles south-east of Markinch, Fife. It has a post office under Markinch, an Established church with 650 sittings, and a public school with about 80 scholars. Pop. 1394. Coalton, or Coalton of Bal- gonie, village is in the vicinity. Pop. 419. Balgonie House and Balgonie Castle are also in the vicinity, and the latter is a large ancient baronial fortalice, and was once a seat of the Earls of Leven.

BALGOWAN, railway station, estate, and public school, 9 miles west of Perth. The school has about 87 scholars.

BALGOWN, bay in Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

BALGOWNIE, seat and bridge in Old Machar parish, Aberdeenshire.

BALGRAY, hamlet on the Kelvin, about 3 miles north -north-west of Glasgow. Nearly 30 fossil trees were discovered in a quarry here, about 1828, all exogenous, standing close to one another in their natural position.

BALGRAY, hamlet in Tealing parish, Forfarshire.

BALGREGGAN, seat in Stoneykirk parish, Wigtonshire.

BALHADDIE, hamlet in Ardoch parish, Perthshire.

BALHARY, seat in Alyth parish, Perth- shire.

BALIGARVE, place, with public school, in Lismore parish, Argyleshire.

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BALIGIL, burn on east boundary of Farr parish, Sutherland.

BALIGRUNDLE, place, with public school, in Lismore parish, Argyleshire.

BALINTORE. See Ballintoke.

BALINTRAID, harbour with pier in Kilmuir-Easter parish, Eoss-shire.

BALISHEAR, island, about 3^ miles long, near south-west coast of North XJist, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 197.

BALKAIL, seat adjacent to Glenluce, Wigtonshire.

BALKELLO, hamlet in Tealing parish, Forfarshire.

BALLACHULISH, town on northern verge of Argyleshire, and quoad sacra parish, partly also in Inverness-shire. The town comprises Ballachulish Ferry on Loch Leven, 11J miles south-south-west of Fort-William, and Ballachulish quarries, in mouth of Glencoe, a short distance to the east ; is a centre of business, and of tourist routes for an extensive surround- ing country ; and has a post office, with telegraph, under Fort-William, a banking office, a hotel, an Established church, enlarged in 1880, a Free church, and a notable Episcopalian church. Slate quarries here began to be worked in 1697, underwent great stimulation in 1863, and yield about 15,000,000 of slates a year. Pop. of the town, 1075. — The quoad sacra parish excludes the town, and is called either North Ballachulish or Balla- chulish and Ardgour, and has Established, Free, and Episcopalian churches. Pop. 749.

BALLAGAN, cascade of 70 feet on Blane river, at its emergence from Lennox Hills, in Strathblane, Stirlingshire.

BALLANBREICH (popularly BAM- BREICH), barony on the Tay, in Flisk parish, Fife. It gives the- title of baroness to the Countess of Rothes, and it retains ruins of a magnificent ancient castle.

BALLANDARG, seat in Kirriemuir parish, Forfarshire.

BALLANGEICH, ancient footway from north side of Stirling Castle, Stirling. It was James v.'s line of exit on his eccentric incognito expeditions, and gave him the popular soubriquet of 'Gudeman o' Ballan- geich.'

BALLANREE, cliff at Berigonium on Ardchattan coast, Argyleshire. Its name signifies 'King's town,' and aids the traditional fancy that Berigonium was a capital or royal city of Dalriada.

BALLANTRAE, village and parish in south-western extremity of Ayrshire. The village stands on Stinchar river, near the' sea, 12^ miles south-south-west of Gii -van, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Girvan, a banking office, an inn, an artificial tidal harbour, Established and Free churches, and a public school with about 201 scholars. Pop. 424. —The parish contains also Glenapp hamlet, and is about 10 miles long and nearly 10 miles broad. Acres, 33,561. Real property in

1880-81, £15,214. Pop. 1442. The land is much diversified, and rises from low ground on the shore to mountains on the flank of the Southern Highlands. There are 4 schools for 366 scholars, and 2 of them and a class-room for 170 are new.

BALLAT, bog in Drymen parish, Stir- lingshire. It lies at the watershed between the Clyde and the Forth, yet is only 222 feet above sea-level.

BALLATER, village on the Dee, 43£ miles west-by-south of Aberdeen. It presents a pleasant appearance, amid charming environs ; is a favourite summer resort, both for its own sake and for the sake of its vicinity to Pannanich wells ; and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Aber- deen, a railway station, 2 banking offices, a hotel, an Albert Memorial Hall of 1875, barracks for soldiers in summer attendance on the Queen, a fine bridge in lieu of 2 previous bridges swept away by floods, a water supply of 1873, Established and Free churches, and a public school with about 87 scholars. Pop. 759. — Ballater Pass, beyond a hill in the north-western vicinity, is a precipitous wooded gorge ; and Ballater or Monaltrie House stands near the pass's south-east end.

BALLATRICH, farmhouse, where Lord Byron lived when a boy, near Ballater, Aberdeenshire.

BALLECHIN, seat in Logierait parish, Perthshire.

BALLEDGARNO, or BALLERNO, village and seat in Inchture parish, Perthshire.

BALLENACH, place near west end of Crinan Canal, Argyleshire.

BALLENCRIEFF, a seat of Lord Elibank, in Aberlady parish, Haddingtonshire.

BALLENCRIEFF, stream, running north- westward to the Avon, in Torphichen parish, Linlithgowshire.

BALLENDRICK, seat in Dunbarny par- ish, Pertb shire.

BALLENDRUM, place in Glenmoriston, Inverness-shire.

BALLESHARE. See Balisheak.

BALLEYAIRD, place, 3 miles north of Grantown, Elginshire.

BALLIANLAY, place in North Bute parish, Buteshire. It has a public school with about 46 scholars.

BALLIGRO GAN, place, 6J miles west- south-west of Campbelton, Argyleshire.

BALLIKINRAIN, seat near Killearn, Stirlingshire.

BALLIMORE, seat in Kilfinan parish, Argyleshire.

BALLINDALLOCH, hamlet and mansion on the Spey, 9f miles south-west of Aber- lour, Banffshire. The hamlet has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Craigellachie, and a railway station. The mansion is a seat of Sir George Macpherson - Grant, Bart.

BALLINDALLOCH, estate and factory in I Balfron parish, Stirlingshire.

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BALLINDEAN, hamlet, mansion, and hill, in Inchture parish, Perthshire.

BALLINGRY (popularly BINGRY), parish, containing small part of Lochgelly post town, Fife. Acres, 4621. Eeal property in 1880-81, £8036. Pop., quoad civilia, 1065 ; quoad sacra, 460. About one- third is under the plough. Binarty Hill, screening south end of Loch Leven, is partly within the northern border. The drained bed of Loch Ore, once a consider- able lake, lies in the northern section. Lochore House, between that and Binarty, is a prominent feature. The site of a Roman camp, thought to have been the scene of a victory over the ninth Roman Legion by the Caledonians, lies to the west of that mansion. The church was renovated in 1876, and the public school is new, and has capacity for 250 scholars.

BALLINLUIG, village, 8J miles north- north-west of Dunkeld, Perthshire. It stands adjacent to deflection of branch railway to Aberfeldy, and has a station there and a head post office.

BALLINTORE, fishing village, about 7 miles south - east of Tairi, Ross-shire. Pop. 435.

BALLINTUIM, hamlet in Kirkmichael parish, Perthshire. It has a post office under Blairgowrie, and a public school with about 63 scholars.

BALLO, one of the Sidlaw Hills, in Long- forgan parish, Perthshire.

BALLOCH, village on Leven river, near foot of Loch Lomond, 4^ miles north of Dumbarton. It adjoins the junction of Vale of Leven and Forth and Clyde Rail- ways ; communicates by a railway of about 7 furlongs with a steamboat pier on Loch Lomond ; and has a railway station, an excellent hotel, and a fine suspension bridge. Pop. 159. Balloch Castle, in its vicinity, is a modern seat ; and a pre- vious Balloch Castle, now extinct, was a fortified seat of the Earls of Lennox.

BALLOCH, village in Inverness parish, Inverness-shire

BALLOCH, small lake at foot of Torlum, Muthil parish, Perthshire.

BALLOCH, original pile of Taymouth Castle, Perthshire.

BALLOCH, hill, 1199 feet high, near Keith, Banffshire.

BALLOCH, hill on north-west boundary of Kildonan parish, Sutherland.

BALLOCHLEAM, battle-field between the Grahams and the Leckies, near boundary between Gargunnock and Kip- pen parishes, Stirlingshire.

BALLOCHMORIE, seat in Colmonell parish, Ayrshire.

BALLOCHMYLE, seat and grounds, sung by the poet Burns, on the river Ayr, 1^ miles south - east of Mauchline, Ayr- shire.

BALLOCHNEY, suburb of Airdrie, and part of Monkland railway system, Lanark- shire.

BALLOCHVOY, village, about 4 miles

west - south - west of Tobermory, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

BALLOGIE, seat, small Roman Catholic chapel, and public school with about 73 scholars, in Birse parish, Aberdeenshire.

BALLONE, dilapidated, large, ancient castle of the Earls of Ross, in Tarbat parish, Ross-shire.

BALLUMBIE, seat and remains of old castle in Murroes parish, Forfarshire.

BALLYGRANT, place in south-east of Islay Island, Argyleshire. It has a post office under Greenock.

BALLYOUKIN, seat near Pitlochrie, Perthshire.

BALLYPHUILL, hamlet in Kincardine parish, Ross-shire.

BALLYSHEAR, seat in Southend parish, Argyleshire.

BALMACAAN, seat of the Earl of Sea- field, in lower valley of Urquhart, near Loch Ness, Inverness-shire.

BALMACARRA, seat and hotel on north side of Loch Alsh, Ross-shire.

BALMACLELLAN, village and parish in north of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village stands on Ken river, 1^ mile north of New Galloway, and has a post office under New Galloway. The parish extends from the Ken to the boundary with Dumfries- shire at Loch Urr, and is about 14 miles long and 10 miles broad. Acres, 23,019. Real property in 1880-81, £11,565. Pop. , quoad civilia, 937; quoad sacra, 787. The tract, for 2 or 3 miles from the Ken, is low ground, diversified by ' drums,' and the rest of the surface is chiefly an assemblage of moors, mosses, and rugged hills. There are 3 public schools, with about 168 scholars.

BALMADIES, estate, with Ochterlony mansion, in Rescobie parish, Forfarshire.

BALMAE, seat near Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BALMAGHIE, parish on right side of the Dee, near Castle-Douglas, Kirkcud- brightshire. It is about 9 miles long and 7 miles broad, and comprises 21,069 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £11,920. Pop. 924. Much of the land adjacent to the Dee is meadow, most in the south-east is level, and the rest is a mixture of hills, hollows, lakes, and morasses. 3 of the lakes have much attraction for anglers, and one of them adjoins a hotel and a spa. The chief seats are Balmaghie House and Duchrae ; the chief antiquity is Thrieve Castle, and a chief association is with the history of the Covenanters. The churches are Established and Free ; and there are 3 public schools, with about 180 scholars.

BALMAHA, village on east shore of Loch Lomond, about 11 miles north-by- east of Dumbarton. It has a pier and a large chemical work, and it adjoins a mountain pass by which the Highland caterans made descents into the Lowlands.

BALMAKEWAN, seat in Mary kirk parish „ Kincardineshire.

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BALMALCOLM, village in Kettle parish, Fife.

BALMANGAN, small harbour, and ruined ancient tower, at mouth of the Dee's estuary, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BALMANNO, fine old baronial fortalice, converted into farmhouse, 2| miles west of Abernethy, Perthshire.

BALMANNO, seat in Marykirk parish, Kincardineshire.

BALMAODAN, old parish, now called Ardchattan, Argyleshire. Remains of old church, bearing the old name, still exist.

BALMASHANNAR, hill, with quarry, near Forfar.

BALMBRAE, village in Falkland parish, Fife.

BALMEDIE, hamlet in Belhelvie parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a public school with about 141 scholars.

BALMEECHY, place in Fearn parish, Ross-shire. It has a public school with about 57 scholars.

BALMERINO (popularly BALMIRNIE), village and parish on Firth of Tay, Fife. The village stands 4j miles west-south-west of Newport, is near remains of an abbey founded in 1229, and gave the peerage title of baron to the family of Elphinstone, attainted in 1746. — The parish contains also the villages of Galdry and Coultry ; and its post town is Newport. Acres, 3431. Real property in 1880-81, £6926. Pop. 664. The shore is bold and rocky, and the interior includes a fertile valley be- tween two hill-ridges. Birkhill, Naughton House, and Naughton Castle are chief objects ; and the last is a vestige of a struc- ture said to have been built by a natural son of William the Lion. The public school has about 97 scholars.

BALMORAL, royal castle on the Dee, 7 miles west-south-west of Ballater, Aber- deenshire. It occupies a charming site, with splendid views ; it has grounds ex- tending, jointly with those of Abergeldie and Birkhall, about 11 miles along the Dee ; it superseded a previous edifice, which belonged to the Earl of Fife, and was purchased and occupied by the royal family ; it was erected in 1853, after designs by Smith of Aberdeen, under direction of the Prince Consort ; it is in modified form of the old Scottish baronial style, and it comprises 2 blocks, connecting wings, and a projecting tower 35 feet square and 80 feet high.

BALMORE, village and haughsin Balder- nock parish, Stirlingshire.

BALMULE, seat in Dunfermline parish, Fife.

BALMULLO, village, 3 miles south-south- east of Newport, Fife. It has a post office under Leuchars, a United Original Seces- sion church, and a public school with about 95 scholars. Pop. 258.

BALMUNGO, seat, if mile south of St. Andrews, Fife.

BALMURE, seat in Mains parish, Forfar- shire.

BALMUTO, seat, with ancient tower, in Kinghorn parish, Fife.

BALNABOTH, seat near Kirriemuir, Forfarshire.

BALNABRUACH, fishing village in Nigg parish, Ross-shire.

BALNACRAIG, estate, with old mansion and Carlogie House, in Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

BALNAGOWAN, seat in Kilmuir-Easter parish, Ross-shire. It belonged once to the Earls of Ross, and belongs now to Sir Charles W. F. A. Ross, Bart.

BALNAGUARD, village in Little Dun- keld parish, Perthshire.

BALNAHUA, island midway between Lunga and Easdale, Argyleshire. It mea- sures only about a mile in circuit, but is all one slate quarry. Pop. 108.

BALNAKIEL, old seat, first of the Bishops of Sutherland, next of Lords Reay, in Durness parish, Sutherland.

BALNAMOON, seat in Menmuir parish, Forfarshire.

BALNAPALING, fishing village in Nigg parish, Ross-shire.

BALNASUIN, hamlet in Weem parish, Perthshire.

BALQUHAIN, seat and ruined ancient castle in Chapel of Garioch parish, Aber- deenshire. The castle was occupied by Queen Mary on the eve of the battle of Corrachie, and was burnt by the Duke of Cumberland in 1746.

BALQUHAPPLE, old chapelry, now part of Kincardine parish, Perthshire.

BALQUHATSON, estate, with rich coal mines, in Slamannan parish, Stirling- shire.

BALQUHIDDER, village and parish in south-west of Perthshire. The village stands near foot of Loch Voil, If mile west of King's House railway station, and 12^ north-west of Callander, and has a post office under Crieff, a handsome parochial church of 1855, a Free church, a public school with about 61 scholars, and a churchyard, containing the grave and rude monument of Rob Roy. — The parish contains also the villages of Lochearn- head and Strath yre, and is about 18 miles long and 6^ miles broad. Acres, 54,675. Real property in 1880-81, £8832. Pop., quoad civilia, 759 ; quoad sacra, 627. The outline is somewhat triangular, and projects a long acute angle to the west. The borders, except at head of Loch Earn and at upper part of Loch Lubnaig, consist of portions of the Grampians, the song- celebrated 'Braes o' Balquhidder.' The chief part of the interior is a strath, watered by Loch Doine, Loch Voil, and the stream running thence to Loch Lubnaig. The seats are Stronvar, Edinchip, and Edinample.

BALQUHOLLY, ancient castle, mostly superseded by Hatton Castle, in Turriff parish, Aberdeenshire.

BALRUDDERY, seat in Liff parish, For- farshire.

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BALRYMONTH (East and West), two liills in St. Andrews parish, Fife.

BALSHANDIE, lake in Lundie parish, Forfarshire.

BALTA, islet near east side of Unst Island, Shetland.

BALTA SOUND, land-locked bay and hamlet on east side of Unst Island, Shet- land. The bay is 2 miles long, and looks like a lake ; and the hamlet has a post office, with money order and telegi-aph departments, under Lerwick, and a public school with about 57 scholars.

BALTHAYOCK, section of Kinnoul parish, with modern mansion, and ruined ancient strong fortalice, in eastern vicinity of Perth.

BALVAIG, stream, traversing Lochs Doine and "Voil, and entering Loch Lub- naig, Perthshire.

BALVAIRD, a seat of the Earl of Mans- field, in Fife section of Abernethy parish.

BALVAIRD, seat near Eutherglen, Lanarkshire.

BALVENNY, dilapidated seat of the Earl of Fife, in Mortlach parish, Banffshire.

BALVICAR, village on Seil Island, Argyle shire.

BAL VRAID, place, with public school, in Dornoch parish, Sutherland.

BALWAHANAID, hamlet in Weem par- ish, Perthshire.

BALWEARIE, remains of strong ancient baronial fortalice, in Abbotshall parish, Fife. The fortalice belonged to a branch of the family of Scott ; was the residence, in the 13th century, of the famous reputed wizard, Sir Michael Scott ; passed to the Melvilles ; and gives the title of baron to the Earl of Leven.

BALWHERNE, village in Methven parish, Perthshire.

BAMBREICH. See Ballanbreich.

BAMFF, seat of Sir James H. Ramsay, Bart., in Alyth parish, Perthshire.

BAMIRNIE. See Balmerino.

BANAVTE, place on Caledonian Canal, mile from the canal's end near Fort- William, Inverness-shire. It occurs im- mediately above the grand ascending series of 8 locks, and has a post office, with tele- graph, under Fort- William, and a hotel.

BANCHORY, village on the Dee, 17 miles west-south-west of Aberdeen. It is modern and neatly built, attracts many summer visitors, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Aberdeen, a railway station, 3 bank- ing offices, a hotel, a town hall of 1873, an Established church with nearly 1200 sittings, a Free church of 1880, an Episcopalian church, and a public school with about 123 scholars. Pop. 681.

BANCHORY-DEVENICK, parish on lower reach of the Dee, in Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire. It has a post office under Aberdeen. The Aberdeenshire section comprises only 33 acres, and is within Aberdeen parliamentary burgh ; but it formerly comprised also other 2268 acres,

transferred in 1867 to Peterculter. Pop. 1216. The Kincardineshire section con- tains Findon and Portlethen villages, includes 3 miles of coast, and is 5 miles long and 2|- miles broad. Acres, 7739. Real property in 1880-81, £14,412. Pop., quoad civilia, 8101 ; quoad sacra, 1707. The coast is bold and rocky, and the interior is mostly rugged and stony. Chief things of interest are the reach of the Dee, and 2 ancient Caledonian stone circles. The churches are Established and Free. There are 2 public schools for 590 scholars, and 1 of them and class-rooms for 240 are new.

BANCHORY-TERNAN, parish on the Dee, in Aberdeenshire and Kincardine- shire. It contains Banchory village, and is 8^ miles long and 1\' miles broad. Acres of the Aberdeenshire part, 1058. Real property in 1880-81 not reported. Acres of the Kincardineshire part, 19,021. Real property in 1880-81, £19,659. Pop. 3066. The northern section begins with the lofty isolated hill of Fare, but is elsewhere comparatively low ; the middle section is part of the valley of the Dee ; and the southern section includes a lofty hill-ridge, and terminates in one of the Grampians. Chief features are the mansions of Crathes Castle and Tilwhilly Castle, and the bed of the large drained lake of Leys. The churches and a central school are in Banchory village ; and there are altogether 5 public schools, with about scholars

BANCLEROCHE, seat at mouth of Kirk- ton Glen, Campsie parish, Stirlingshire.

BANDIRRAN, seat in Kettins parish, Forfarshire.

BANDIRRAN (SOUTH), detached section of Caputh parish, surrounded by Collace, Perthshire.

BANDRUM, seat in Saline parish, Fife.

BANETON, village in Kennoway parish, Fife.

BANFF, town and parish on coast of Banffshire. The town stands at mouth of river Deveron, 50 miles north of Aberdeen, and is a parliamentary burgh and a head port ; but as such comprises 2 towns, Banff proper and Macduff, about \ mile distant from each other, on opposite sides of the river, there spanned by an elegant seven-arched bridge. Banff proper is on the left bank, occupies a diversified hill slope, presents exteriorly a picturesque j appearance, commands fine views, and has charming environs, including the noble park of Duff House. It sprang from a sti'ong royal castle, as early as at least the time of Malcolm IV. ; it very soon became a royal burgh ; it now com- prises several well-built streets ; it was destined in 1877 to undergo handsome extension ; and it has a head post office with all departments, a railway station, 5 banking offices, 5 hotels, a steepled town hall, a recently erected court-house, an interesting museum, a large library, a

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fine recent bath-house, Established, Free, United Presbyterian, and Episcopalian churches ; Congregational, Wesleyan, United Brethren, and Roman Catholic chapels ; a burgh public school and a number of other public schools ; publishes a weekly newspaper; and carries on woollen manufacture, iron-founding, and other industries. The ancient castle figured much in history, and is now repre- sented, by a plain modern structure. The Established church is conspicuous, and contains 1500 sittings. The United Pres- byterian church was erected in 1880, and superseded an old one. The Episcopalian church is small but elegant. The commerce of the port in 1879 comprised 459 British vessels, of 34,379 tons, and 34 foreign vessels, of 2788 tons, inward ; and 441 British vessels, of 33,196 tons, and 26 foreign vessels, of 2029 tons, outward. Real property of the parliamentary burgh inl880-81, £12,192. Pop. of the royal burgh, 4185 ; of the parliamentary burgh, 7871.

The paiish is about 6^ miles long south- westward, but not more than about 2 miles broad. Acres, 6073. Real property of landward part in 1880-81, £6351. Pop. , quoad civilia, 5200 ; quoad sacra, 4810. The northern section rises nowhere higher than about 250 feet above sea-level, yet is picturesquely diversified; and the southern section contains considerably higher ground, yet presents a very tame appearance. A prominent feature is the Earl of Fife's seat of Duff House, and a chief antiquity is Inchdrewer Castle. There are, for the burgh, the landward districts, and the quoad sacra parish of Ord, 13 schools, with accommodation for 1698 scholars.

BANFFSHIRE, seaboard county in north- east of Scotland. It includes St. Fergus parish and Straloch estate, surrounded by distant parts of Aberdeenshire, but consists chiefly of continuous country, extending from Moray Firth south-south-westward to Cairngorm Mountains. This main body measures 32 miles along the coast and 50 miles inward, but is averagely not more than about 12 miles broad, and the entire county has an area of 686 square miles. The southern section, to the extent of not more than one-half of the entire length, but with an average breadth of only about 8 miles, is wildly mountainous, partly alpine, with intersections of glen and vale ; and the northern section is a diversity of pastoral hills, many-shaped eminences, and rich tracts of small plain and long valley. The principal rivers are the Spey, on reaches of the western boundary ; the Deveron, mostly near or on the eastern boundary ; the Aven and the Fiddich, run- ning to the Spey ; the Isla, running to the Deveron ; and the Boyne, entering the sea between Banff and Portsoy. Serpentine and marble are near Portsoy ; good slate is near Banff and Keith; and limestone abounds throughout extensive tracts. The arable land forms a comparatively small

portion of the entire area ; and its soil for the most part is either a stiff deep clay, a deep black loam, or a mixture of moss or gravel. The fisheries are extensive, but the manufactures are of small value. The towns with each more than 3000 inhabitants are Banff, Macduff, Buckie, and Keith ; the towns with each more than 1000 inhabitants are Cullen, Portsoy, Aberchirder, Dufftown, and Portnockie; the villages with each more than 600 inhabitants are Port Gordon, Porteasy, Whitehills, Gardenstown, Findochty, and Newmills ; and the villages with each more than 300 inhabitants are Charles- town, Tomintoul, Fefcterangus, and For- dyce. Real property in 1880-81, £239,298. Pop. in 1871, 62,023 ; in 1881, 62,751.

BANGOUR, estate in Uphall parish, Linlithgowshire.

BANK, place in Old Deer parish, Aber- deenshire. It has a public school with about 114 scholars.

BANKEND, village in Caerlaverock par- ish, Dumfriesshire. It has a post office under Dumfries.

BANKEND, hamlet in Kirkgunzeon parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BANKFOOT, village, 3 miles west-north- west of Stanley Junction, Perthshire. It is modern, was the birth-place of the poet Nicol, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Perth, a United Presbyterian church, and a public school with about 40 scholars. Pop. 627.

BANKFOOT, hamlet in Coylton parish, Ayrshire.

BANKHEAD, suburb of Wick, Caithness.

BANKHEAD, village and colliery in Dreghorn and Kilmarnock parishes, Ayr- shire.

BANKHEAD, village in Newhills parish, Aberdeenshire.

BANKHEAD, hamlet in Monikie parish, Forfarshire. It has a public school with about 65 scholars.

BANKHEAD, seat in Rutherglen parish, Lanarkshire.

BANKHEAD, railway station, 2 miles east-north-east of Carstairs Junction, Lanarkshire.

BANKS, hamlet in Mouswald parish, Dumfriesshire.

BANKTON, quondam seat near Tranent, Haddingtonshire. It was the residence of Colonel Gardiner, who fell adjacent to it in the battle of Prestonpans, and it was destroyed by fire about 1854.

BANKTON - PARK, village in Kettle parish, Fife.

BANNACHRA, ruined old fortalice in Glenfruin, Dumbartonshire.

BANNAVIE. See Banavie.

BANNISKIRK, quondam old chapel in Halkirk parish, Caithness.

BANNOCK, rivulet, running 9 miles east- north-eastward to the Forth, at 2h miles below Stirling.

BANNOCKBURN, town, quoad sacra

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parish, and battle-field, in St. Ninians parish, Stirlingshire. The town stands on Bannock rivulet, 2f miles south-south- east of Stirling, is a seat of nourishing woollen manufacture, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Stirling, a railway station, Established, Free, and United Presbyterian churches, and a public school with about 323 scholars. Pop. of the town, 2549 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 3281. — The battle-field, the scene of Bruce's famous victory in 1314, lies on Bannock rivulet, adjacent to the south end of St. Ninians town, and retains, under an iron grating, with surmounting flag-staff, frag- ments of the large block of stone in which Bruce planted his standard.

BANNO CKBURN - MUIR, suburb of Bannockburn town, Stirlingshire. It has a public school with about 136 scholars.

BANTASKINE, seat near Falkirk, Stir- lingshire.

BANTON, quoad sacra parish, with village, 1^ mile north-east of Kilsyth, Stirlingshire. It has a post office under Denny. Pop. of the village, 461 ; of the parish, 793.

BARACHNIE, village in Crossbill section of Old Monkland parish, Lanark- shire. Pop. 279.

BARASSIE, railway station, 1 mile from Troon, Ayrshire.

BARBARA VILLE, village in Kilmuir- Easter parish, Ross-shire.

BARBAS WALLS , village in Buthven parish, Forfarshire.

BARBER, hamlet in Boseneath parish, Dumbartonshire.

BARBIESTON, modernized old baronial fortalice near Dalrymple, Ayrshire.

BARBRECK, seat and vale in Craignish parish, Argyleshire. The vale is believed to have been the scene of a battle between the Dalriadans and the Norsemen.

BARCALDINE, estate, with modern mansion and ancient castle, on Loch Creran, Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

BARCAPLE, seat "in Tongland parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BARCLOSH, ruined ancient seat of Lord Herries, in Kirkgunzeon parish, Kirkcud- brightshire.

BARD, bold headland at south end of Bressay Island, Shetland.

BARDOWIE, lake, 5 miles north-north- west of Glasgow.

BARGALLY, seat in Minnigaff parish, Kirkc u dbright shire .

BARGANY, seat in Dailly parish, Ayr- shire.

BARGARRAN, place associated with a notable trial for witchcraft, in Erskine parish, Renfrewshire.

BARGATON, lake, 7 miles north-east of Gatehouse, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BARGEDDIE, village and quoad sacra parish in north of Lanarkshire. The village stands 2h miles west of Coatbridge, was mostly built after 1871, and has a

post office under Glasgow, and flourishing ironworks. The parish was constituted in 1876 ; and the church was opened near the end of that year, and cost, with the manse, about £9000. Pop. of the village, 659 ; of the parish, 2889.

BARGRENNAN, quoad sacra parish, comprising part of Minnigaff in Kirkcud- brightshire, and part of Penningham in "Wigtonshire. It has a post office under Newton-Stewart, and a public school. Pop. 203 and 163.

BARHEAD. See Barrhead.

BARHILL, eminence, with vestiges of Roman fort, in Kirkintilloch parish, Dumbartonshrie.

BARHILL, Ayrshire. See Barrhill.

BARHOLM, seat near Creetown, Kirk- cudbrightshire.

BARHULLION, hiU in Glasserton parish, "Wigtonshire.

BARJARG, village and estate in Keir parish, Dumfriesshire.

BARLEYSIDE, village in Falkirk parish, Stirlingshire.

BARLOCCO, seat in Rerrick parish, Kirkcu dbright shire .

BARMEKIN, lofty hill, with ancient cir- cular fortification,inEcht parish, Aberdeen- shire.

BARMORE, peninsula and seat on west side of Loch Fyne, 2^ miles north of Tarbert, Argyleshire.

BARNBARROCH, place in Colvencl parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a public school with about 66 scholars.

BARNBARROCH, seat in Kirkinner parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BARNBOUGLE, splendid edifice of 1880- 82, with fragment of ancient castle, on the Firth of Forth, in Dalmeny parish, Linlithgowshire.

BARNCLUITH, curious suite of old build- ings and gardens, on bold bank of Avon river, between Cadzow Castle and Hamil- ton, Lanarkshire.

BARNHILL, eastern suburb of Glasgow. The Barony poorhouse is here, and has accommodation for 1500 inmates ; and a new hospital in connection with it was opened in 1880, and has accommodation for 300 patients.

BARNHILL, village in Blantyre parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 455.

BARNHILL, village in Monifieth parish, Forfarshire. Pop. 396.

BARNHILL, seat in Kinnoul parish,. Perthshire.

BARNIEL, place on west side of Loch Eck, Argyleshire.

BARNKIRK, small hill in Annan parish, Dumfriesshire.

BARNOCK, place, with public school, in Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

BARNS, a seat of the Earl of "VVemyss, on the Tweed, near influx of the Manor, Peeblesshire.

BARNS, estate in Cleish parish, Kinross- shire.

BARNS, ruined mansion in Grail parish,.

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Fife. Drummond of Hawthornden wrote here his 1 Battle of the Dunghill.''

BARNSDALE, extinct ancient castle in Rescobie parish, Forfarshire.

BARNS (EAST), village, 2f miles south- east of Dunbar, Haddingtonshire. It has a public school with about 115 scholars.

BARNSHEAN, lake, 5 miles east- north- east of Maybole, Ayrshire.

BARNS (WEST), village, 2 miles west of Dunbar, Haddingtonshire. It has a post office under Dunbar, and a public school with about 162 scholars. Pop. 529.

BARNTALLOCH, extinct old castle in Langholm parish, Dumfriesshire.

BARNTON, seat in Cramond parish, Edinburghshire.

BARNWELL, old parish, divided between Craigie and Tarbolton. Ayrshire.

BARNYARDS, village in Kilconquhar parish, Fife. Pop. 350.

BAROCHAN, seat in Houston parish, Renfrewshire.

BARONALD, seat near Lanark.

BARONY, parish, comprising large por- tion of city and suburbs of Glasgow. It was constituted a separate parish in 1595, and it is now divided into numerous quoad sacra parishes. Acres, 1789. Real pro- perty of landward part inl880-81, £151,416. Pop., quoad civilia, 236,622 ; quoad sacra, 6590. The parochial church stands near the Cathedral, was built in 1801, and is a spacious but tasteless and towerless structure. The Barony Free church stands a little west of that, and is a recent Norman edifice with lofty tower. Most of the public schools are within the city ; the parochial poorhouse is in Barnhill suburb ; and the parochial lunatic asylum is at AVoodielee, near Lenzie.

BARONY, headland between Mull Sound and Loch Linnhe, Argyleshire.

BARR, village and parish in south-east of Carrick, Ayrshire. The village stands on Stinchar river, 7 miles east-south-east of Girvan, and has a post office under Girvan, a railway station, a parochial church, a Free church, and a public school with about 81 scholars. — The parish measures about 20 miles by 8, and com- prises 54,876 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £15,104. Pop. 600. Most of the surface is either hilly, moorish, or mountainous ; and the arable land is only about 1200 acres. There are 3 public schools for 148 scholars.

BARR, place in Galston parish, Ayr- shire. It has a public school with about 244 scholars.

BARR, glen in Killean parish, Kintyre, Argyleshire.

BARR, estate, with roofless old castle, in Lochwinnoch parish, Renfrewshire.

BARR, hill in St. Mungo parish, Dum- friesshire.

BARRA, island and parish in south end of Outer Hebrides. The island lies about 45 miles south-south-west of Lochmaddy ; measures 9 miles in length and 5^ miles

in breadth ; is screened along the west by vast, cavernous, shattered rocks ; rises into roundish pastoral hills ; belonged for many ages to the Macneils ; contains the modern mansion of Barra Castle ; and has a post officeunder Lochmaddy, a parochial church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a public school with about 56 scholars. Pop. 1864. — The parish includes 8 other inhabited islands, and upwards of 12 uninhabited ones ; and it measures about 20 miles in length, and terminates at Barrahead. Real property in 1880- 81, £2098. Pop. 2161.

BARRA, hill in Bourtie parish, Aberdeen- shire.

BARRAHEAD, headland at southern extremity of Outer Hebrides. A light- house was erected on it in 1833, and shows an intermittent light visible at the distance of 32 nautical miles.

BARRAS, suburb of Lochmaben, Dum- friesshire.

BARRAS, section of Kinneff parish, Kincardineshire.

BARREL OF BUTTER, small skerry in Orphir parish, Orkney.

BARRHEAD, town and quoad sacra parish in east of Renfrewshire. The town stands on Levern river, 6J miles south- west of Glasgow, is a prosperous seat of manufacture, and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Glasgow, a railway station, 2 banking offices, a public hall, Established, Free, United Presbyterian, Evangelical Union, and Roman Catholic churches, and 2 public schools. All the churches are modern, 1 of the schools is recent, and the number of scholars is about 624. Pop. of the town, 9429 ; of the parish, 6728.

BARRHILL, village on Dusk rivulet, in centre of Colmonell parish, Ayrshire. It has a post office, with money order depart- ment, under Girvan, a railway station, a banking office, a Free church, and a public school with about 101 scholars.

BARRIE. See Barky.

BARRISDALE, seat in Glenelg parish, Inverness-shire.

BARRMILL, village in Beith parish, Ayrshire. It has a station on branch rail- way, and a public school with about 95 scholars. Pop. 279.

BARROCH, seat of Sir John R. G. Sinclair, Bart., 10 miles north-north -west of Wick, Caithness.

BARROGILL, seat of the Earl of Caith- ness, on north coast of Canisbay parish, Caithness.

BARROWFIELD, eastern suburb of Glas- gow, on quondam Borough Moor, where Regent Moray's army encamped on eve of battle of Langside. It has a quoad sacra parish church, and a Free church. Pop. of the quoad sacra parish, 8087.

BARRSCHOL, section of Rogart parish, Sutherland.

BARRY, village and parish in south-east extremity of Forfarshire. The village stands 9 miles east-north-east of Dundee,

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and has a railway station, Established and Free churches, and a public school with about 91 scholars. The parish contains also most of the post town of Carnoustie, and is about 4 miles long and 3 miles broad. Acres, 5328. Keal property in 1880-81, £16,596. Pop., quoad civilia, 3233; quoad sacra, 1229. The coast is flat and sandy, and includes Buddonness at entrance of the Firth of Tay. The interior commences with a verdant bank, and forms a fertile flat, elevated about 50 feet above the coast. Churches and a public school are in Carnoustie.

BARRY, hill in Alyth parish, Perth- shire.

BARSCOBE, lake, 3 miles east of Dairy, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BAR SHAW, seat near Paisley, Renfrew- shire.

BAR SKIMMING, seat of Sir William F. Miller, Bart., on the river Ayr, 2^ miles south - west of Mauchline, Ayrshire. It was destroyed by fire in March 1882.

BARTHOL, place in Tarves parish, Aber- deenshire. It has a quoad sacra parish church for a pop. of 797, and a public school with about 121 scholars.

BARVAS, village and parish in north of Lewis, Outer Hebrides. The village stands on west coast, at mouth of rivulet of its own name, about 15 miles north-north- west of Stornoway ; and has a post office under Stornoway, a parochial church, a Free church, and 2 public schools with about 89 scholars. Pop. 561. — The parish contains also the villages of Bragar, Knockard, Erropie, and Swainbost ; and measures about 22 miles by 8. Acres, 89,654. Real property in 1880-81, £3109. Pop., quoad civilia, 5325; quoad sacra, 2600. The coast is bold and rocky, and includes the terminating promontory called the Butt. A tract of less than a mile in mean breadth along the shore is the only cultivated land, and all the rest of the interior is mossy moor. There are 6 schools for 955 scholars, and 3 of these and 2 enlargements for 784 are new.

BARVICK, rivulet entering the Turret near Crieff, Perthshire.

BARWHINNOCK, seat in Tvvynholm parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BASHAW, place, with limestone and petrifying springs, in Carluke parish, Lanarkshire.

BASKET, place, with ironstone mines, in Blantyre parish, Lanarkshire.

BASS, insulated basaltic crag, 3J miles north-east of North Berwick, Haddington- shire. It measures 350 feet in height, and fully a mile in circumference ; is accessible at only one point ; and was successively a retreat of the Culdee St. Baldred, a strong- hold of the Lauder family, a state prison of distinguished Covenanters, and the last place in Scotland which resisted the Revolu- tion.

BASS, mound adjacent to Inverury, Aber- deenshire. It was long the subject of

curious traditions, and a puzzle to anti- quaries, but is simply an accumulation of diluvial drift.

BASSENDEAN, old parish, now part of "Westruther, Berwickshire.

BASTA, voe or bay on east side of Yell Island, Shetland.

BASTLERIDGE, estate in Ayton parish, Berwickshire.

BATHA, lake in Fortingal parish, Perth- shire.

BATHGATE, town and parish in west of Linlithgowshire. The town stands at a convergence of railways, 18^ miles west- south-west of Edinburgh ; is partly old and irregular on an acclivity, partly new and regular on low ground ; carries on much business in connection with rich, extensive, surrounding mineral field ; and has a head post office with all departments, 4 banking offices, Established, Free, United Presbyterian, Evangelical Union, and Roman Catholic churches, a handsome free academy, and a large public school. Pop. 4S87. — The parish contains also the town of Armadale and the village of Dur- hamton, and is about 7f miles long and 4 miles broad. Acres, 10,876. Real property in 1880-81, £45,234. Pop. 9450. The north-eastern section is hilly, and the rest is almost level. Bituminous minerals, ironstone, and limestone are extensively worked. Chief seats are Balbardie and Boghead. There are 8 schools for 2367 scholars, and 3 of these, for 1250, are new. A resolution was taken in August 1881 to erect a new parochial church.

BATHGATE AND EDINBURGH RAIL- WAY, about 10^ miles long, from Bathgate to a junction with the Edinburgh and Glas- gow line of the North British system near Ratho station. It was leased for 999 years to the Edinburgh and Glasgow, and passed with that to the North British.

BATTLEDYKES, farm, with remains of Roman camp, in Oathlaw parish, Forfar- shire.

BATTLEHILL, scene of ancient sanguin- ary fight between the Scotch and the English, in Annan parish, Dumfriesshire.

BATTLEHILL, scene of ancient conflict between the Comyns and the Gordons, near Huntly, Aberdeenshire.

BATTLEKNOWES, place, with traces of Roman camp, in Whitsome parish, Ber- wickshire.

BATTLELAW, scene of ancient conflict between the Scotch and the Danes, in Balmerino parish, Fife.

BATTOCK (MOUNT), summit, 2554 feet high, at meeting-point of Aberdeenshire, Kincardineshire, and Forfarshire.

BAUCHRAN, lake in Glenstrathfarrar, Inverness-shire.

BAWKIE, bay at south end of Dunoon, Argyleshire.

BAYBLE, 2 villages, Lower and Upper, in Stornoway parish, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 431 and 481.

BAYFIELD, seat in Nigg parish, Ross-shire.

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BAYHEAD, suburb of Stornoway, Outer Hebrides.

BEACON, conical hill in Bressay Island, Shetland.

BEALACH-NAMBO, natural terrace, on north shoulder of Benvenue, about 800 feet above Loch Katrine, Perthshire.

BEANOCH, lake, 3 miles north-east of Lochinver, Sutherland.

BEARSDEN, village, 5 miles north- north-west of Glasgow. It has a post office, with telegraph, under Glasgow, and a railway station. Pop. 764.

BEATH, parish, containing the post office village of Cowdenbeath, the villages of Hill of Beath and Oakfield, and most of the village of Kelty, in west of Fife. Its length is about 4 miles, its breadth about

3 miles, its area 6345 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £21,493. Pop. 5442. The surface is hilly, rugged, and diver- sified. Beath Hill, on the south-western boundary, has a beautiful appearance, and commands an extensive view. Coal abounds, and is largely worked. The churches are Established and Free, the latter at Kelty. There are 3 public schools, all new, for 1150 scholars.

BEATTOCK, railway station, 2 miles south-south- west of Moffat, and 61^ southr by-west of Edinburgh. It has neat offices and a hotel, and is adjacent to the post office village of Craigitiands. A railway from it to Moffat was begun to be formed in December 1881.

BEAUFORT CASTLE, seat of Lord Lovat,

4 miles south-west of Beauly, Inverness- shire. A previous castle on its site was besieged by the English in 1303, seized and injured by Oliver Cromwell, and utterly destroyed after the battle of Culloden.

BEAULY, river, sea-loch, and village, on north-west border of Inverness-shire. The river is formed by union of the Glass and the Farrar ; runs windingly about 10 miles north-eastward to head of the sea- loch, and is notable for its falls of Kilmo- rack. — The sea-loch forms part of the boundary between Inverness-shire and Ross-shire ; extends 7 miles eastward, with maximum breadth of 2 miles ; and connects, by strait of Kessock ferry, with head of Moray Firth. — Th^ village stands on the river near influx to the loch, 10 miles west of Inverness ; is old, modernized, and well-built, and has a head post office with all departments, a railway station, 2 banking offices, a harbour, 2 hotels, ruins of a priory of 1230, an Estab- lished church, a Free church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a public school with about 143 scholars. Pop. 903.

BEAUMONT, rivulet of east border of Roxburghshire, running 10 miles northward there, and passing into England to the Till.

BEDLAY, old fortalice, quondam seat of the Earls of Kilmarnock, near Chryston, Lanarkshire.

BEDLORMIE, old fortalice in Torphichen parish, Linlithgowshire.

BEDRULE, hamlet and parish in centre of Roxburghshire. The hamlet lies on Eule river, 3| miles south-west of Jed- burgh, and includes the parochial church, and remains of the old castle of the Turnbulls. The parish contains 2 other small hamlets, and its post town is Jedburgh. Acres, 3917. Real property in 1880-81, £4459. Pop. 269. The surface includes part of Dunian Mountain, and part of alluvial tracts on the Teviot. The public school has about 58 scholars.

BEE, large irregular sea-loch in north of South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

BEECHFIELD, place near Meikle Gar- nock, Hamilton parish , Lanarkshire. It has a public school of 1876 for 150 scholars.

BEECHWOOD, a seat of Sir Sidney Dundas, Bart., in Corstorphine parish, Edinburghshire.

BEECHWOOD, seat in St. Vigeans parish, Forfarshire.

BEECHWOOD, seat in Kettins parish, Forfarshire.

BEESWING, place near Killywhan rail- way station, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a post office under Dumfries.

BEG, sea-loch, branching from Loch Bracadale, Isle of Skye.

BEGLIE (WICKS OF), hill-pass, with grand view, 3 \ miles west of Abernethy, Perthshire.

BEIL, seat and village in Stenton parish, Haddingtonshire.

BEITH, town in Ayrshire, and parish partly also in Renfrewshire. The town stands on an eminence near a railway junction, 11 miles south-west-by-south of Paisley ; dates, with slight exception, from times subsequent to the Revolution ; carries on a variety of manufactures ; and has a head post office with all departments, a railway station, 3 banking offices, a hotel, a town hall, a parochial church, a Free church, 2 United Presbyterian churches, an Evangelical Union chapel, an industrial school, and 2 public schools. Pop. 4037. — The parish contains also the villages of Barrmill, Gateside, and Burn- house, and part of the village of Langbar. Acres in Ayrshire, 10,678 ; in Renfrew- shire, 544. Real property in 1880-81, £31,034, and £637. Pop. 6555. A hill- ridge, with summits of from 500 to 600 feet above sea-level, extends along the north-east border ; the land declines and undulates thence to the west and south- west ; and the narrow strath traversed by Glasgow and Ayr Railway, from Paisley to Kilwinning, attains its highest point in the west, at only about 95 feet above sea-level. Caldwell and "Woodside are chief seats, and Giffen Castle was long conspicuous, but fell in 1838. There are 8 schools for 1069 scholars, and 1 of them and class-rooms for 459 are new.

BELCHESTER, seat in Eccles parish, Berwickshire.

BELDCRAIG, dell, 3 miles east-north* east of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

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BELFORD, hill, 1092 feet high, in Hou- nam parish, Roxburghshire.

BELHAVEN, village and quoad sacra liarish on east coast of Haddingtonshire. The village stands at head of small bay about a mile west of Dunbar, has a public school with about 66 scholars, and gives the peerage title of baron to a branch of the family of Hamilton. Pop. of the village, 434 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 1351.

BELHELVIE, parish on east coast of Aberdeenshire, averagely 7 miles north of Aberdeen. It contains the hamlets of Calmedie, Craigie, Wester Hatton, Menie, and Shiels, and has a post office of its own name under Aberdeen. It measures about 6 miles by 5, and comprises 12,148 acres. Real property in 1880-81, £13,622. Pop. 1850. The coast is low and sandy ; the interior rises gradually, but is diversified with hillocks and low hill-ridges, and the western boundary is a continuous ridge about 800 feet high. The churches are Established, Free, and United Presby- terian. There are 5 schools for 399 scholars, and 3 of them, for 240, are new.

BELLA, head-stream of the Lugar, Ayr- shire.

BELLABEG, seat in Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

BELLADRUM, seat in Kiltarlity parish, Inverness-shire.

BELLAHOUSTON, quoad sacra parish, within Govan parish, in south-western outskirts of Glasgow. Pop. 6002. A handsome academy here, on Paisley Road, was erected in 1876.

BELLANOCH, place in North Knapdale parish, Argyleshire. It has a public school with about 80 scholars.

BELLEISLE, seat in Ayr parish, Ayrshire.

BELLEVILLE, seat in Alvie parish, Inverness-shire.

BELLEVUE, seat near Auchtermuchty, Fife.

BELLFIELD, suburban village between Stirling and St. Ninians, Stirlingshire.

BELLFIELD, seat near Kirknewton, Edinburghshire.

BELLFIELD, seat near Kilmarnock, Ayrshire.

BELLFIELD, seat near Cupar, Fife.

BELLIE, parish, containing the post town of Fochabers, in Elginshire, and the villages of Auchinhalrig, Dallachy, Bog- moor, and Tugnet, in Banffshire. Its length is nearly 6 miles, its greatest breadth nearly 4 miles. Acres in Elgin- shire, 4875; in Banffshire, 8337. Real property in 1880-81, £3848 and £5631. Pop., quoad civilia, 2365; quoad sacra, 2047. The river Spey bounds the west, and the Moray Firth bounds the north. The Spey here has, at different periods, shifted much westward from its original channel, and the land over which it has receded forms a considerable portion of the parochial area. Gordon Castle, a seat of the Duke of Richmond, is a chief feature. The old parochial church stood,

till 1797, about a mile north of Gordon Castle, but the present parochial church, and other places of worship, are in Fochabers. A very fine free school, erected in 1846, also is in Fochabers ; and Bellie public school has about 176 scholars.

BELL ROCK, reef, with lighthouse, 12 miles south-by-east of Arbroath, Forfar- shire. The lighthouse was erected in 1807-11, at a cost of £60,000, and shows a revolving light visible at the distance of 15^ nautical miles.

BELLRORY, hill in Glentanner section of Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

BELLSHILL, town, 9 miles byroad south- east of Glasgow. It prospers in connection with the working of rich neighbouring mines ; and it has a post office, with money order depai'tment, under Glasgow, a railway station, a banking office, a new quoad sacra parish church, a Free church, a United Presbyterian church, an Evangeli- cal Union chapel, and a public school with about 173 scholars. Pop. of the town, 2760 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 3334.

BELLSHILL, MOTHERWELL, AND WISHAW RAILWAY. This was projected by an independent company ; it received the sanction of the Standing Orders Com- mittee in Jan. 1880, and it was designed to strike from the North British at Bellshill station, to traverse a rich mineral district by way of Motherwell to Wishaw, and to give direct communication thence with the east of Glasgow.

BELLSIDE, station for Omoa, on Cleland branch of Caledonian Railway, Lanark- shire. An Established church near it was projected in 1877.

BELLSMAINS, hamlet in Borthwick parish, Edinburghshire.

BELLSQUARRY, village in Midcalder parish, Edinburghshire. It has a public school with about 96 scholars.

BELLSTOWN, hamlet in Methven parish, Perthshire.

BELLWOOD, seat in Glencorse vale, Edinburghshire.

BELLWOOD, seat on face of Kinnoul Hill, fronting Perth.

BELLYCONE, village in Madderty parish, Perthshire.

BELMADUTHY, seat of Sir Eyan Mackenzie, Bart., in Knockbain parish, Ross -shire.

BELMONT, seat near Corstorphine, Edinburghshire.

BELMONT, seat near Uyeasound, Unst Island, Shetland.

BELMONT CASTLE, seat of the Earl of "YVh arn cliff e, near Meikle, Perthshire.

BELNABOTH, place, with ruined ancient chapel, in Towie parish, Aberdeenshire.

BELNAGOAK, hill in Methlick parish, Aberdeenshire.

BELRETIRO, seat on west side near foot of Loch Lomond, Dumbartonshire.

BELSES, village, with railway station, 1\ miles north-north-east of Hawick, Roxburghshire.

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BELTON, old parish, now part of Dunbar parish, Haddingtonshire.

BELTONFORD, hamlet in Dunbar parish, Haddingtonshire.

BELTREES, hamlet in Lochwinnoch parish, Renfrewshire.

BELTY, rivulet, running to the Dee, in Banchory - Ternan parish, Kincardine- shire.

BELVIDERE, seat on the Clyde in eastern outskirts of Glasgow.

BEMERSYDE, estate, with old baronial mansion, on the Tweed near Di'yburgh, on south-west verge of Berwickshire.

BENABOURD, alpine mountain, 3924 feet high, one of the Cairngorms, Aber- deenshire and Banffshire.

BENABOURD, lofty mountain in Glen- orchy parish, Argyleshire.

BENACHALLY, mountain, 1694 feet high, with magnificentview, 5 miles north-north- east of Dunkeld, Perthshire.

BENACHASTLE, mountain, 2897 feet high, 14 miles west of Killin, Perthshire.

BENACLEIDH, grand mountain on east flank of Loch Awe, Argyleshire.

BEN AGH ARLAGAN , isolated mountain in Fortingal parish, Perthshire.

BENAIGAN, bulky mountain, 1500 feet high, flanking the Spey about 7 miles south of Fochabers.

BENALDER, wild, precipitous moun- tain-range, 3757 feet high, overhanging Loch Ericht, on south-east border of Inverness-shire.

BENALLIGIN, mountain, 3015 feet high, overhanging Loch Torridon, in Ross- shire.

BENANOIR, peaked mountain,- 2566 feet high, one of the ' Paps of Jura,' in Jura Island, Argyleshire.

BENARMINE, mountain, 2306 feet high, at head of Strathnaver, Sutherland.

BENARTHUR, or COBBLER, mountain, with fantastically outlined peak, 2863 feet high, overhanging head of Loch Long, Argyleshire.

BENATTOW, alpine mountain, 3383 feet high, at head of Strath a ffrick, on mutual border of Inverness-shire and Ross-shire.

BENAVEALLICH, mountain, 1936 feet high, in Loth parish, Sutherland.

BENAVEN, alpine mountain, 3843 feet high, one of the Cairngorms, Aberdeen- shire and Banffshire.

BEN AW, mountain in Glenbucket parish, Aberdeenshire.

BEN AWN, bare, bold, rocky mountain, 1800 feet high, overhanging north side of foot of Loch Katrine, Perthshire.

BENBECULA, island, between North Uist and South Uist, Outer Hebrides. It mea- sures about 8 miles by 7 ; is all a low, flat, intricate mixture of lands, marshes, lakes, and bays, and has a Free church and a Roman Catholic church. Pop. 1661.

BENBEOCH, mountain, with cave and basaltic colonnades, in Dalmellington parish, Ayrshire.

BENBLAVEN. See Blabhein.

BENBREAC, mountain, 2338 feet high, in Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

BENBREAC, summit, 1482 feet high, in north of Jura, Argyleshire.

BENBREAC, hill, 946 feet high, 5 miles north-west of Poolewe, Ross-shire.

BENBUI, summit, 1797 feet high, on east side of Strathnairn, Inverness-shire.

BENBUY, mountain, 2352 feet high, in south-east of Mull, Argyleshire.

BENBUY, lofty mountain near head of Glenshira, Argyleshire.

BENCAILLIACH, mountain, 2387 feet high, adjacent to Kyle-Rhea, Isle of Skye.

BENCAIRN, hill, 1200 feet high, in Rerrick parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BENCARRICK, mountain, 2848 feet high, north of Glenstrae, Argyleshire.

BENCHALUIM, mountain, 3354 feet high, 12 miles west-by-south of Killin, Perthshire.

BENCHAPULL, mountain in Kilninver parish, Areyleshire.

BENCHEILT, hill, 940 feet high, 4 miles north-west of Lybster, Caithness.

BENCHINNAN, mountain - range, 24 miles long and from 9 to 15 miles broad, bordered by peaks 3180 and 3250 feet high, cut by ravines and glens, and comprising the section of Grampians within Forfar- shire.

BENCHOAN, mountain, 3101 feet high, 4^ miles north of head of Loch Katrine, Perthshire.

BENCHOCHAN, mountain on east side of Loch Chon, Perthshire.

BENCHONZIE, mountain, 8048 feet hieh, at head of Glenturret, Perthshire.

BENCLACHAN, mountain, 2028 feet high, near Applecross village, Ross-shire.

BENCLEUGH, summit of the Ochils, 2352 feet high, 8 miles north-east of Stirling.

BENCLYBRIC, alpine eonical mountain, 3164 feet high, with very extensive view, in almost exact centre of Sutherland.

BENCRUACHAN, peninsulated, massive alpine mountain, 3670 feet high, with magnificent view, between Loch Awe and Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

BENCRUBEN, mountain, 1932 feet high, on west side of Glentruim, Inverness-shire.

BENDEANAVAIG, lofty, remarkably- outlined mountain, overhanging Loch Portree, Isle of Skye.

BENDEARG, alpine mountain, 3304 feet high, 8 miles north-by- west of Blair - Athole village, Perthshire.

BENDEARG, alpine mountain, 3551 feet high, near head of Loch Broom, Ross-shire.

BENDEARG, mountain -range on west coast of Durness parish, Sutherland.

BENDHEICEACH, alpine mountain, 3074 feet high, 8^ miles west of Killin, Perth- shire.

BENDOCHY, parish, with church, 2 miles north-west of Coupar-Angus, Perthshire. Its post town is Coupar-Angus. Acres, 9368. Real property in 1880-81, £12,075. Pop., quoad civilia, 715; quoad sacra, 499. The southern section, around the church,

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is variously level, undulating, and hilly ; and the northern one lies detached at from 8 to 13 miles to the north-west, is partly a rable, and includes skirts of the Grampians. The public school has about 52 scholars.

BENDONICH, mountain, 2774 feet high, 2J miles north-by-east of Lochgoilhead, Argyleshire.

BENDORAN, mountain on east